中西文化差异对比-个人主义及集体主义-英文

CollectivismandIndividualismofCross-culturalCommunicationAbstractWiththeimplementofopeninguppolicyandtheincreasinglydeepeningandtheexpansionofthecommunication,moreandmorepeoplearesupposedtokeepintouchwithpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackground.Cross-culturalcommunicationstrategyhasarousedmoreandmorepeople'sattention.Throughtheanalysisofthecase,wecouldunderstandthecultureofChinaandtheUnitedStatesrespectivelybelongtothecategoryofindividualismandcollectivism.Thus,wetakemeasurestodevelopinterculturalcommunicationstrategiesforafurtherresearch.Peoplefromdifferentculturewillinevitablyfailtocommunicate.Itisthekeytothesuccessofcross-culturalcommunicationtoovercomethesebarriersandeffectivelythepromotionofinternationalcultural,political,andeconomiccommunication.Keywordscollectivistculture、socialskills、uselessold、sensitivewords、interoperability摘要：随着我国对外开放，交流的日益深入和扩展，越来越多的人需要经常与不同文化群的人进行接触和交往，跨文化交际策略已经引起了越来越多人的重视。通过对案例的分析，了解中美文化分别属于个人主义和集体主义范畴，从而对不同文化间如何发挥跨文化交际策略进行认真深入的研究。来自不同文化本经的人们走到一起，交际必然会出现故障，及时有效的克服这些交际障碍是跨文化交际取得成功的关键。这对促进国际间的文化、政治、经济交流有着及其重要的意义。关键词：集体主义文化、社交技巧、老而无用、,敏感词、互操作性Case:NoHelpforOldPeopleMylandlady,anAmericanlady,whowasover70andwegotalongverywell.Oncewhenwewereascendingthestairstogether,Istretchedoutmyhandstogivehersomehelp.Shesaid,“Icandoit.Thankyou.”Ithoughtshewasjustbeingpolite,soIescortedhertothetopfloor.Herfaceshowedthatshecoulddonothingaboutmyover-kindness.Soonafter,Isawhergoingupthestairsalone,Iforgotmypreviouslessonandpracticed“LeiFeng”onceagain.Thistime,half-jokinglyandhalf-seriously,sheaskedme,“Youngman,doyouthinkIamoldanduseless?WhenIhavetomovemyselfonawheelchair,I‟llaskyouforhelp.”Istoodthere,blushedandpuzzled.AnalysisAmericanculture,akindofindividualismculture,alwaysemphasizestheindependencebetweenthemembersinagroup.Soitisalsorarelytobeseenthatborrowingandlendingmoneyfromtherelativesandfriends.Mostparentsrequiretheirchildrentomoveoutwhentheyhavereachedanadultage,anditisalsothesamereasonthatmostchildrendon'twanttolivewiththeirparentsaftertheygrownup.Pocketmoneyalsoneedstobeearnedbychildrenthemself,eveniftheirparentshavemorethanonechildtoraise,theystillleaveplentyoftimefortheirownsocialcircles,privatelifeandsoon.ThemoralconceptofChineseisthehumanrelations(accordingtofeudalethics),andtreateachotherwithallsincerityandsharewealandwoe,solidarityisthefundamentalspiritofmorality.ThisismainlyembodiedintheChinesesocietyofmorallife.Inaddition,China'ssocietypayattentiontothatkindofinterdependentrelationshipbetweenpeople.Foralongtime,Chinahasbeenemphasizingthethoughtofharmonyand“grandunification”.Inwesterncountries,duetotheinfluenceofthethoughtofnaturalrights,theyregardnotinfringingupontherightsofothersasguidelines.Aslongasyoudon'tinfringeupontheinterestsofothers,evenifyourunamok,itcannotbecalledmoralloss.Inthiscase,thereisnomoremoralthingstorestrainyou.Inaddition,affectedbythenationalpopularextremeindividualism,theyattachgreatimportancetopersonalrights、interestsandfreedom,andtaketheopportunitytoshowtheirownuniquenessasmuchaspossible.Tocompletethetaskindependentlyshouldbehighlyappreciated.Asakindofcollectivistculture,Chinesecultureemphasizestheinterdependencewitheachmemberingroups.HelpingeachotherisappreciatedbyChineseculture.Thisculturetakesaharmonyfortheprimarypurpose(refertotheimportanceoftheconceptofYinandYangtoreconcileforthousandsofyearsinChina.)Parentstothechild'scommitmentisunderstandable.(refertothecollegeentranceexaminationimmigration).Thisculturehighlyemphasizetheimportanceofsocialskills.Inaddition,theUnitedStatesisorientedbythecultureinthefuture,therepresentativeofthefutureistheyoungman,sothiskindofculturalbackgroundisoftensensitivetothewordold.Peoplewhohavesuchculturaleducationcareaboutthefutureratherthanfocusonhistory.Chinaisorientedbythecultureinthepast,representativeofthepastistheoldpeople.OldinChinadoesnotbelongtosensitiveword,oldevenrepresents“knowledge,wisdom,andauthority.Forexample,“teacher”istheembodimentofthevalues.ThisisthereasonwhyitisnotpolitetotaketheinitiativetohelpothersjustbecausetheylookolderintheUnitedStates.Takingtheinitiativetohelpmeansuselessoldwhentheotherdon’thaveobvioustendencyinneedofhelp.Thatisso-called“imposingyourselfonothers.InChina,itisimmoralforyoungpeoplenottohelptheelder.SolutionInordertoavoidthiskindofsituationeffectively,intheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication,wearesupposedtocontinuallylearnandaccumulatedifferentcustomsaspossibleaswecanfordeeperunderstandingofothercountries.But,atthesametime,weshouldpayattentiontothesensitivityoftheculturaldifferences.Inspiteofthis,westillneedtopromotetokeeppacewiththetimes,thisisbecausewiththeadventoftheeraoftheInternetandtheglobalvillage,nationalcultureappearedsomedegreeofintegration,thisneedsustokeeppacewiththetimesintheknowledgeofforeigncultureandconcepts.Inacomprehensiveview,itiseasytounderstandwitheachotheranddoastheRomansdo.Seekingcommoncultureinthecross-culturalcommunicationisgoodatlookingforinteroperability,andestablishingamutualcomplementaryandharmoniousrelationship.Reservedifferenceisadmittedthatunderstandcultura