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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 初中英语语法归纳:被动语态
初中英语语法归纳复习:被动语态重难点:掌握八种常见时态的被动语态,并能根据不同情景,灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】一.概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.(1)DotheyspeakFrench?(2)Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn’tusedbythem.一般过去时was/were+p.p.(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.(2)Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时am/is/are+being+p.p.(1)Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.(2)Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.过去进行时was/were+being+p.p.(1)Hewassellingbooks.(2)Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.(1)ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeen(2)Hehasfinishedthework.finishedbyhim.过去完成时had+been+p.p.(1)Theyhassolvedtheproblem.(2)Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.一般将来时shall/willbe+p.p.(1)Ishallmakeaplan.(2)Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.过去将来时wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.(1)Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.(2)Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.情态动词can/may/must/should+be+p.p.(1)Weshouldhandinourhomework.(2)YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.如何正确使用被动语态1.有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(主动语态).himbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin.himbystoriesginterestintoldoftenareWe(被动语态)▲常带双宾语的词有:tell,show,lend,pass等。2.在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.(主动语态)复合宾语宾语补足语宾语Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.(被动语态)▲有这种用法的常用动词有:make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”比较:(1))()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。(2))()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg.)()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确【总结】一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2)has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.4)was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7)shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.为了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3.
本文标题:初中英语语法归纳:被动语态
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