高中英语-名词性从句(-细心整理版)

从句形容词性从句---定语从句副词性从句---状语从句名词性从句---(宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句)1.宾语从句2.主语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句名词性从句Hehastoldmewhathappened.Whatyousaidisnottrue.Thefactisthathehasbeenfired.Thefactthathehasbeenfiredisnotknowntohiswife.请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)GrammarWhatkindofnounclausestheyare?P461.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.subjectiveclause(主语从句）2.Theyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeatandexerciseregularly.objectiveclause（宾语从句）3.Theschoolsofthefutureswillprobablybedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.objectiveclause4.Wecannotbesurewhetherourdreamswillcometrue,butwecanatleastbehopefulthat...objectiveclause5.Ifwelearntoacceptchangeandappreciatewhatisnewanddifferent,wewillbewell-preparedforwhateverthefuturemayhaveinstore.objectiveclauses6.Thediscussiontopicfortodayiswhatschoolwillbelikeinthefuture.predicativeclause（表语从句）1.通常所有从句的语序都是陈述语序.(名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句)2.主句的时态如果是过去时态，对从句的时态有影响．一般现在时－＞一般过去时态一般过去时－＞过去完成时态一般将来时－＞过去将来时态现在进行时－＞过去进行时态现在完成时－＞过去完成时态宾语从句1.如果宾语从句是一个陈述句，连词用that.2.如果宾语从句是一个一般疑问句，连词用whether/if.但如果是在介词后面，只能用whether.Iknow____heisfromScotland.that可省略Iwonder__________sheknowsthetruth.whether/ifTheyaretalkingabout__________it’sgoingtorain.whether3.如果宾语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(物),连词用what;如果宾语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(人),连词用who/whom.(非正式文体中who可取代whom.)Canyoutellme______isgoingtogiveusaspeech?Iwonder________youboughtinthestore.---Weallknow_________youlikebest.---Clothes.Tellme______youweretalkingtojustnow.whowhatwhatwhom4.宾语从句还可用when,where,how,why,which(哪个/些),which+n,howmany,howmuch,howlong,whose来引导．1.Canyoutellme______thetrainwillleavethestation?when2.Idon’tknow_______hestayedwhileinLondon.Hewasn’tinahotel.where3.Heasked__________heshouldpayfortheCDs.howmuch4.Tellme_______bookyoulikebest.I’dliketogiveittoyou.which5.I’mwondering____________wecangetsomefoodanddrinksbeforewearestarvedtodeath.how/where6.Doyouknow__________itwilltakeustogettoNewYorkbyair?howlong7.NowIknow________hehatesme.HethinksIgavehimawaytotheteacher.why•注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。•Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。•Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。•2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：•a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。•Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.•Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?•Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.•Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.•Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已经完成了工作)时态呼应否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：•TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．ifD．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC主语从句连词的选择与宾语从句一样.个别地方有区别.1.如果主语从句是一个陈述句，连词用that.(不可省略)2.如果主语从句是一个一般疑问句，连词用whether.一般不用if，尤其是置于句首时.ThatWhether___________heiscleverisknowntoall.________hewillcomedependsontheweather.3.如果主语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(物),连词用what;如果主语从句本身缺主语或宾语或表语(人),连词用who/whom.(非正式文体中who可取代whom.)______hesaidcan’tconvinceme.What_______happenedtoHarryPotterwhileinthatcaveisnotknown.What________isgoingtoteachusEnglishisnotdecidedyet.Who________shewillchoosetospeakatthemeetingisnotmyconcern.Whom_________________themeetingwillbeheldisnotdecided.Whenandwhere_______canwesolvetheproblemisadifficultproblem.How4.主语从句还可以用when,where,how,why,which(哪个/些),which+n,howmany,howmuch,howlong,whose来引导．____________weshouldpayforthespringoutingisnotknown.Howmuch_______hecommittedsuicideisthathisfirmwentbankrupt.Why1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……•另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：•Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…•Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewa