M6U3-grammar语法课件

Module6Unit3GrammarandusageUnrealconditions在英语句子中,谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所说内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英语中常见的谓语动词的语气有三种:1.陈述语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态。Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn’tknowyouplayedthepiano.2.祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等。Bequiet,please.Goandwashyourhands.Lookout！Danger！Noparking.3.虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望或假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气中说话者所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至没有实现的可能性,但是有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。IfyoucametoBrunei,youwouldhavetotakeoffyourshoesbeforegoingintosomeone’shouse.IfyouhadbeeninKoreawithmelastyear,youwouldhaveattendedaweddingceremony.Iwishyouweremorecareful.IfIhadhadmoretime,Iwouldhaddonetheworkbetter.WouldyoumindifIclosedthewindow?真实条件句与非真实条件句真实条件句:并不是if引导的条件从句都是虚拟语气。如果if从句所指的事很有可能发生,那么这是真实条件句；反之,则是虚拟条件句。真实条件句中主从句的时态关系条件从句：一般现在时主句：shall/will+动词原形—Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?—Ifitdoesn’train.非真实条件句:在非真实条件句即虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语部分构成：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/wereto+dowould/should/could/might+doIfIhadmoney,Iwouldlendyousome.(与现在事实相反)IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgiveitup.(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthebus.(与过去事实相反)Ifhehadknownheraddress,hewouldhadgonetovisither.(与过去事实相反)IfIshouldhaveachance,Iwouldtrymybest.(与将来事实相反)Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.(与未来事实相反)虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were、had或should，可以去掉if后用倒装句语序。HadInothelpedhim,hewouldhavefailedinbusiness.=___________________,hewouldhavefailedinbusiness.IfIhadnothelpedhimIfIshouldbefree,Iwouldcome.______________,IwouldcomeIfsheweremydaughter,Icouldsuggestadifferentplan.___________________,Icouldsuggestadifferentplan.ShouldIbefreeWereshemydaughterTranslatethesesentencesintoEnglish.1.如果我是一个医生，我将毫不犹豫地救她。IfI_____adoctor,Iwouldsaveherlifewithouthesitation.were2.如果你昨天去听音乐会的话，你将会遇到她了。Ifyou_________totheconcertyesterday,youwouldhavemether.3.如果明天下雨的话，会议将会推迟。Ifit______tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.hadgonerained4.如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。Ifyou___________tothedoctor,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.5.如果没有虚拟语气，英语将容易多了。Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English________mucheasier.hadlistenedwouldbe6.如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。Ifshehadworkedharder,she____________________.7.如果我是你，我将不回这个电话。IfIwereyou,I_____________thecall.wouldhavesucceededwouldn'treturn有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。1.用with,without等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句。含蓄条件句Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.Havingknownintime,wecouldhavestoppedit.=Ifwe’dknownintime,wecouldstoppedit.在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外,还有下列连词:otherwise;incase;butthat;onconditionthat;unless;suppose/supposing(that);solongas;provided/providing(that)2.用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.IwouldhavecometoseeyoubutIwasbusylastweek.IfIhadn’tbeenbusylastweekIwouldhavecometoseeyou.Iwouldhavecalledyou,butI_______yourtelephonenumber.Iforgotyourtelephonenumber,otherwise/or_____________________.IfIhadn’tforgottenyourtelephonenumber,_____________________.IwouldhavecalledyouIwouldhavecalledyouforgotIwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney,_________Iwaspoorthen.Iwaspoorthen,____________Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney._______Ihadn’tbeenpoor,Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney.3.通过上下文来虚拟otherwise/orbutIfHesuggestsshegoatone.Hesuggeststhatsheshouldgoatonce.demand,suggest,advise,propose,insist,order,request,desire,urge,deserve,recommend,intend,etc.Hesuggeststhatshegoatonce.Itissuggestedthatshegoatonce.Hissuggestionisthatshegoatonce.Hemadeasuggestionshegoatonce.宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句Itis+important/necessary+that从句Itisimportant(that)you(should)haveamap.It’snecessary(that)she(should)talktothemanager.固定句式的虚拟语气,从句中用过去式的(从句中,如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;如果表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成式。asif,asthough,wish,wouldrather,ifonly,etc.It’shigh(about)time+从句时,从句谓语动词只能用过去式。—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.(2011北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeenAMaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.（2011北京）A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudyingCI____soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(2011天津)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecomeD—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.（2011福建）A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedDWeJohn’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.(2011江西)A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveputD1.Everything____ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.A.willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyedD2.I____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelentB3.---Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.---Heisn’tathome.Ifhe___,I___.A.were,wouldB.is,wouldC.is,willD.were,willA4.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoDalianforthevacation?—No,butifI___time,I___verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbeC5.Ifyouhadenoughmoney,what____?A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhaveboughtB6.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD7.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit____breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldre