哈工大考博英语真题含答案-1

1GeneralEnglishAdmissionTestForNon-EnglishMajorPh.D.program(HarbinInstituteofTechnology)PassageOneQuestions1—8arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters—whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenas2advantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?(A)UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.(B)Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.(C)Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.(D)Thefederalcensusof1910.2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?(A)Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.(B)Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.(C)Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.(D)Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT_________.(A)wagelevelsinnortherncities(B)laborrecruiters(C)competitionfromruralworkers(D)votingrightsinnorthernstates5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?(A)Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.(B)Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.(C)Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanarethosewithurbanbackgrounds.(D)Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.SupportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodologyPresentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction3IntroducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformationChallengeawidelyacceptedexplanation7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSough;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworker