形容词与副词的原级和比较级的用法及习题

用来对名词或某些代词在性质、特征或状态等方面加以修饰的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．e.g.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.常与感官系动词连用：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go等Thecaketastesdelicious.形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.Colouritgreen.有一些形容词前+the后，具有名词词性。可以作主语或宾语。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.有些形容词只能作定语，有些形容词只能作表语。sleeping定语asleepingboyasleep表语theboyisasleep.定语：sick,live,little等表语：ill,alive,alone等形容词作定语时，分为前置定语和后置定语。大部分形容词可以做前置定语。anoldAmericanlady形容词短语、介词短语或不定式短语做后置定语。Theboyunderthetreeismybrother.形容词按音节可分为：多音节词双音节词单音节词形容词级别可分为：原级比较级最高级形容词的级•原级：即形容词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many•比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。smaller,better,taller,older,more•最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。smallest,tallest,newest,best少数形容词只有原形，没有比较级和最高级。如right,wrong,woolen(羊毛制的)等。Thistreeisas____asthattree.Thegreenbagisas____asthered.Thispenisnotas____asthatpen.tallbiglong原级比较是说明两个人物或事物的程度是一样当两个人或两件事物进行比较时程度不一样，就要用到形容词比较级，也就是词尾-er形式，比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物。e.g.Iamshorterthanyou.比较级比较是区分两个人物或事物的程度不一样最高级一般用于三者（或三者以上）之间的比较。“最……”。Chinaisthelargestofthecountries.Johnisthetallestintheclass.YaoMingisJordan.Jordanistall.YaoMingistaller.Jordan2.26m1.98mtallerthanZengZhiweiisshort.PanChangjiangisPanChangjiangisZengZhiwei.shorter.shorterthanLiuHuanisheavy.FeiMaoisFeiMaoisLiuHuan.80kg90kgheavier.heavierthanLinXinruisthin.LiuYifeiisLiuYifeiisLinXinru.45kg48kgthinner.thinnerthanmoreoutgoingLiYongisChenglong.ChengLongisoutgoing.LiYongismoreoutgoing.outgoingmoreoutgoingthanathleticChengLongismoreathleticthanLiXiaopeng.LiXiaopengisathletic.ChengLongismoreathletic.moreathleticfunny,serious,smart,calm,wild,big,fat,outgoing,athletic,dirty,heavy,thin,tallsmallereasierhottermoreinterestingsmarterfunnierheavierdirtierbiggerthinnerfattermoreoutgoingmoreseriousmoreathleticcalmerwildertaller形容词比较级的构成一、规则变化（一）单音节和少数双音节的变化规则（1）一般在词尾加-er,-est。smart—smarter,smartesthigh—higher,highestsmall—smaller,smallesttall—taller,tallestlong—longer,longest(2).以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加-r,-st.nice—nicer,nicestfine—finer,finest(3).以“辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的”，把ｙ变ｉ，再加-er,-est。early—earlier,earliesthappy—happier,happiesteasy—easier,easiestheavy—heavier,heaviestfunny—funnier,funniest(4)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个字母，再加-er,-est.如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等fat—fatter,fattestthin—thinner,thinnestbig—bigger,biggesthot—hotter,hottestred—redder,reddestsad—sadder,saddestwet—wetter,wettest(5)以–ow,-er结尾的双音节词，加-er,-est.clever—cleverer,cleverestnarrow—narrower,narrowest(二）多音节和部分双音节形容词或副词在原级前加more,most。popular--morepopular,mostpopulardifficult--moredifficult,mostdifficultbeautiful--morebeautiful,mostbeautifulinteresting—moreinteresting,mostinterestingslowly—moreslowly,mostslowly特例（1）由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词前加more,most.interesting--moreinteresting,mostinterestingexciting--moreexciting,mostexcitingbored--morebored,mostboredrelaxed--morerelaxed,mostrelaxed词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearlynarrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：(二)不规则变化•部分不规则形容词或副词good/well----bettermany/much----morebad/badly/ill----worselittle----lessfar----farther/furtherold----older/elder巧记：（1）特殊形式比较级共有二对二合一外加一对三合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远（2）二好，二多，三坏一少，一老，一远old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→early→delicious→friendly→important→hungry→healthy→outgoing→good\well→little→older／elderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercoolerearliermoredeliciouslessbettermoreoutgoinghealthierhungriermoreimportantmorefriendly讲述某人或某物自身情况时用原级。可以修饰原级的词：very,too,so,more,quite,alot,alittle,enough,rather等基本句型(1)主语+谓语+形容词原级+….Heisveryoldnow.他现在很老了。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天气看上去相当糟Iamsohappy.我是如此的快乐。表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：(2)主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词原级+as+第二个人物+….和…一样如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一样兴奋。Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他们摘的苹果和农民一样多。Thegirlisasbrilliantasbeautiful.这个女孩的智慧和美丽一样突出。表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:(3)主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词+as和…不一样，…不如…Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.他没他妹妹那么兴