现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词与过去分词的区别:1,语态上不同:现在分词表主动,而及物动词的过去分词表被动.2,时间关系上不同:现在分词表正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经过去的动作.3,选用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的时间关系.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语.分词的形式:以vt:write和vi:go为例,1,现在分词:主动语态writing被动语态beingwritten主动语态going2,过去分词:只有一种形式writtengone现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：surprising使人感到惊讶的(主动)surprised自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)anexcitingstory一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)excitedspectators激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)amovingfilm一部感动人的影片。Amovedaudience受感动的观众Atiringjourney累人的旅行Atiredfootballplayer累了的足球运动员Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingslastnight.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。Sheisinterestedinastronomy.她对天文学有兴趣。也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：therisensun升起的太阳fallenleaves落叶theexplodedbomb已爆炸了的炸弹aretiredminer退休矿工returnedstudents归国留学生2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：thechangingworld正在变化着的世界thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界boilingwater正在开的水boiledwater已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家分词和分词短语的用法1)作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：I’mreadingaveryinterestingbook.我在读一本很有趣的书。Helikestodrinkcoldboiledwater.他喜欢喝凉开水。分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：ChinaisadevelopingsocialistcountrybelongingtotheThirdworld.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。(=whichbelongstotheThirdWorld)Themansittingitthecornerismybrother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(=whoissittinginthecomer)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartydidnotcome.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(=whowereinvitedtotheparty.)2)作表语Theoperaisverymovingandinstructive.这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。Thecupsarebroken.这些杯子是破的。Heismarried.他已经结婚了。用动词适当形式填空：1。Onhearingthe____news,wewereall_____(excite)2.Thebookwas_______,Iwas_________.(frustrate)3.InEnglish____coutries,Englishis________.(speak)4.Don’tforget____(bring)yourbrothernexttime.5.Before______(use),themachinemustbechecked.6.Ifeellike______swimming,wouldyoulike________(go)withme?7.His____(be)lateoftenannoystheheadteacher.8.____(pass)bythepostoffice,Istopped_____(buy)somestamps.9.Whatisthelanguage_________inGermany?(speak)10.HeisnotgoodatEnglish,it’shardforhimtomakehimself_____(understand)1）Havesthdone让别人去做（非主语所做）Ihadmyhaircutlastweek./Mybrotherhashiscarrepaired2）Sendforsb派人去叫（非主语去请）Mymotherwasill.Isentforadoctor.3）Sth.needsrepairing(need后接ing时主语是东西，不是人)Hiscarneedsrepairing.D.①Didyouseesomebody_______intotheroom?(steal)②Isawhim_______intheroomatthattime.(read)③Shewasgladtoseeherchild________goodcareof.(take)④Isawher_______atthewindows,thinking.(seat)⑤Shewasseen________here.(come)E.①Ilike_______verymuch.(swim)②Idon'tlike_______TVatthistime.(watch)③Heneverlikes_______atthemeeting.(praise)④Ifeellike_______tothecinema.(go)⑤Wouldyoulike______withme?(go)F.①Theman______atthemeetingnowisfromthesouth.(speak)②Idon'tknowtheprofessor______atthemeetingtomorrow.(speak)③Heistheprofessor_______todinner.(invite)G.①Itwassocoldandhehadthefire_______allnightlong.(burn)②Ihavealotofexercises________today.(do)③Doyouhavenayclothes_______today?askedMother.(wash)④You'dbetterhavethatbadtooth_______out.(pull)⑤Iwanttohavehim_______acarforme.(find)H.①Hedoesn'tdoanythingbut_______allday.(play)②Wehavenochoicebut_______.(obey)③I'mthinkingofhow_______myEnglish.(improve)④Hemadeanapologyfor_____late.(be)5．Heislookingforwardto______college.(enter)K.①Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp________withjoy.(jump)②Icouldn'thelp______bythebeautyofnature.(strike)③Sorry,Ican'thelp______thehouseworktoday.(do)L.①______enoughtime,we'lldoitbetter.(give)②______acandle,hewentonreading.(light)③______fromthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.(see)④______thepeoplewell,wemustworkhardatourlessons.(serve).