初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解-专项练习及参考答案

1被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一．被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词二．被动语态的基本用法:(1)需要强调动作的承受者时TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldEnglishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.Theproblemisdealtwithnow.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2,把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4,其它成分不变5,被动语态中by+宾语的省略2被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by+宾语常常被省略。(1)动作执行者不确定时Paperismadefromwood.Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.(2)不必表明动作执行者时EnglishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguagesFootballisplayedinmostschools。(3)动作执行者为一般大众时BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+was/were+过去分词+byItwasmadeinBeijingRen'aiEducationInstitute.(2)否定式:主语+was/were+not+过去分词+byShewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?Wasitmadeofbamboo?(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+byWhatwasismadeof?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does,被动语态用is/am/are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did,被动语态用was/were.由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+过去-Watercanbechangedintoice.Sheoughttotidyupherbedroom----Herbedroomoughttobetidiedup.3Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.(2)否定式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+byYoumustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn'tbetakenoutbyyou.Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter(bythem)(3)疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+byCanyouuseit?------Canitbeused?常见的情态动词有:can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1,当宾语是反身代词时ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.四．特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I_________acakebymymotherAcake____________mebymymother.2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.五．注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)43.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_______________.6.在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.（一）一、单项选择()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I____.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did()6.Twenty—year—oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.5A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.()9.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.()10.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.()11.Theearthisourhome.It___well.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.()13.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.()14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.()15.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.()16.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.()17.Howmanytrees___thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.6A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.()19.Neith