雅思精品写作小作文词汇和思路

本次课内容：1.Task1图表作文的写法，常用表达，形成图表题的写作思路，练习2.流程图和书信的写法介绍一.图表作文写作要求时间：20分钟字数:不少于150(150-170)不可忽视图表作文对整体分数的影响1.客观性写作：描述图表信息，不表达个人观点千万不可以出现Ithink我认为这些字样。2.详尽性写作：起点，拐点，终点，变化趋势必须交代清楚二.图表作文的分类数据类：1.table表格图2.linechart/linegraph曲线图(线状图)3.barchart柱状图4.piechart饼状图非数据类：processdiagram流程图三.图表作文写作步骤(一)审题：1.看清图表类型2.先读题干信息，后读图表信息3.读线状图时看清横纵轴的含义4.看清楚单位，在写作的时候抄进文章(二)构思：确定段数：开头段+主体段+结尾段主体段个数的确定原则：(1)多个图：几个图就写几个主体段(2)一个图：按照分类元素确定主体段个数(三)写作：1.开头段，主体段，结尾段缺一不可2.常用图表作文表达必须全部掌握3.使用逻辑衔接词和转承短语注意时间控制：20mins(四)检查：1.字数2.单词拼写，不要缩写3.单位4.时态（开头段永远是一般现在时）5.语法错误：主谓一致，缺少或者多余谓语，没有连词等四.图表作文25类常用表达总结10种趋势类1.上升,增加：goup,ascend,grow,climbupincrease,rise,(v/n)showanupwardtrend增加了increaseby…增加到increaseto…2.急剧上升,大幅度上升：(1).Jump,shootup,surge,soar(不加修饰语)(2).goup/ascend/grow/increase/rise/climbup+sharply/rapidly/dramatically/drastically/steeply/significantly/substantially3.小幅度上升：goup/ascend/grow/increase/rise/climbup+modestly/slightly/marginally/moderatelyexperienceaslightgrowthin…4.平稳上升,逐渐上升：goup/ascend/grow/increase/rise+gradually/consistently/steadily/slowly/stepbystep5.下降,减少：decrease,decline,fall,drop,(v/n)godown,descend,sink,dipshowadownwardtrend6.急剧下降，大幅度下降：(1).plummet,plunge(不加修饰语)(2).下降8个+大幅度7个7.小幅度下降：下降8个+小幅度4个8.平稳下降，逐渐下降：下降8个+平稳5个9.波动,(在…间)起伏不定：fluctuatev.用法：fluctuatebetween…and…fluctuateovertheperiodof…fluctuateoverthese24hoursfluctuationn.用法：risewithsomefluctuations10.保持平稳，平衡，静止不动：leveloffat,leveloutat+数字/百分比hoverat,stabilizeat,reachaplateauat…remain/stay/keepstable/unchangedat…4种数字类：1.倍数基础表达法：①A+is…times+as+adj.原级+as+B②A+is…times+adj.比较级+than+B③A+is…times+thesize/length/height/width/depth+of+B④Thesize/length/height/width/depth…+of+A+is…timesof+B⑤The+n.…+is…times+what从句这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。•Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.•Thistableis3timesbiggerthanthatone.•Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.•Thesizeofthistableis3timesofthatone.今年的产量是2006年的3倍。Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2006.倍数高级表达法：(1)…是原来的…倍：数字+-fold(2)…增长或者下降了…倍:数字-1+-fold…shows/experiences/witnesses/undergoesathree-foldincrease/rise/decrease/reduction是原来的3倍/增加或减少了2倍例:Between1971and1975,thepopulationwasupeight-fold.是原来的8倍,增加了7倍2.一半：half，50%adj.Halftheapplesarebad.n.Halfoftheapplesarebad.adv.Myworkisnothalfdoneyet.3.大约，估计：about，around,roughly,intherough,intheneighborhoodof,approximately,orthereabout,justover…,justunder…,…orso,例：around/roughly/approximately20intheneighborhoodof2020orso,20intherough4.比例，百分比：percentage,proportion,ratio,share成比例beinratio不成比例beoutofratio,beill-proportioned成正比beindirectratio成反比beinreverseratioTheratioofAtoBisXtoY.Theratioofpupilstoteachersis30to1.学生和老师的比率是30比1.6种比较类1.大，达到最大值，达到最高点：reachthemaximum/thelargestpartof…peakat…reachthepeakat…reachthehighestpointat…2.小，跌到最小值，达到最低点：reachtheminimum/thesmallestpartofbottomoutat…reachthebottomat…reachthelowestpointat…3.多于…morethan…,over…,above…,upwardsof…upwardsof60yearsoldexceed,surpass,overtake,---v.4.少于…lessthan…,fewerthan…under…,below…,within…,5.相同和相似：相同beidenticalwith/bethesameas…Thesameistrueof...…也有同样情况,也适用于…Inthesameway,Inlikemanner,beequalto…bealikeness,beasimilarity,equally,大体相同,相似：moreorlessalike,roughlythesame,showgreatresemblance,…bebasicallythesameas…6.不同：bedifferent=beofgreatdifferencebedifferentfrom…bedistinguishedfrom…becontraryto…differfrom…,varyfrom…beadissimilarity,beavariationA,unlike/asopposedto/asdistinctfromB,has…其他10类常用表达：1.达到多少数量：reach,hit,cometo,standat,arriveat,amountto,2.占多少比例：occupy,represent,constitute,makeup,takeup,accountfor,3.由…组成，包括几部分：bemadeupof…,becomposedof…,consistof…comprise…=becomprisedof…4.分别：respectively,separately,:常放在句尾Femalepart-timersandhousewiveshave40and50hoursofleisuretime,respectively.5.比较：类比：similarly,likewise,对比：unlike…,conversely,in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,incomparison,A…,while/whereas/whilstB…6.分类，分组：名词:classes,types,groups,divisions,sorts,aspects,parts,categories,classifications动词：…beclassifiedintofourgroups…bedividedintotwocategories…maybegradedaccordingto…/onthebasisof…/dependingon……beroughlyclassedunderfourheads.…fallintotwocategories(用主动)7.时期表达法：over/duringtheperiodoftwodecades/24hours/sevendays,duringthis25-yearperiod,duringthisseven-monthstage,from…to…between…and…8.对方观点或对方数据：thedataofanothergroup,Thecorrespondingdata,Thestatisticsofitscounterpart,9.剩余的…Therestof+名词Theremaining+名词Theremainder（后不需要加名词）10.然后,以后，之后，在那以后，then,later,Next,andthen,afterthat,thereafter,whereafter,afterwards,fromthispointonwards,Overthefollowingthree-yearperiod,在接下来的三年里五.图表作文开头段的写法开头段的写法：改写转述题目1.改变题干中关键词的词性2.改变题干中关键词的位置3.同义替换,同义转换4.加入图表中的其他文字信息(时间，性别，国家,对象)5.开头段永远是一般现在时原题干:ThegraphbelowshowstheenrollmentsofoverseasstudentsandlocalstudentsinBritain’suniversities.Thegivenbarchartdemonstratesthe(说明图表类型）(同义替换)proportionofforeignstudentsandlocal(添加新信息)(同义替换)studentsenrolledinBritain’suniversities(关键词词性和位置)from1989to1999.(添加新信息)图表作文开头段常用替换1.show:(11种)give,describe,demonstrate,outline,indicate,reveal,present,illustrate,provideanoverviewof…,provideanoverallviewof…,provideabreakdownof…,2.Information:data,statistics,numbers,figures,3.proportion:percentage,share单个图开头段练习（见讲义）1.表1饼状图的题干：Thegraphbelowsho