英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)

Hypertension高血压病WhatIsHypertension?Hypertension(HTN)isachronicmedicalconditioninwhichthebloodpressureinthearteriesiselevated(提高的).DiagnosisLeadtoHypertension高血压systolicbloodpressure≥140diastolicbloodpressure≥90EitherofthemDangerZonesystolicbloodpressure≤120diastolicbloodpressure≤80BothofthemNormalbloodpressure正常血压范围AwarningsignIfyourBPare120/80orhigherbutbelow140/90ItiscalledPre-hypertension高血压前期HypertensionEssentialHypertension原发性高血压（高血压病）90–95%SecondaryHypertension继发性高血压5–10%①primaryoressentialhypertension:highbloodpressurewithnoobviousunderlying(潜在的,根本的)medicalcause.②SecondaryHypertension:Highbloodpressurethatiscausedbyanothermedicalcondition(医疗条件)ormedication(药物).ClassificationOfHypertensionPrimaryorEssentialHypertensionBenignHypertension(ChronicHypertension)良性/缓进性高血压MalignantHypertension(AcceleratedHypertension)恶性/急进性高血压ChronickidneydiseaseHyperparathyroidism([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])renalarterystenosis([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])birthcontrolpills,dietpills,coldmedications,Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])Medications.PregnancyDisordersoftheadrenalglandSecondaryHypertension肾上腺功能紊乱慢性肾疾病甲状旁腺功能亢进症肾动脉狭窄避孕丸、节食丸、感冒药、偏头痛药孕妇CausesOfHypertensionGenes（遗传因素）Diet（膳食因素）SocialAndMentalCondition（社会心理应激因素）a.Stress（压力）b.Anger（愤怒）c.Frightened（惊吓）Others（其它因素）a.Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症）b.Smoke（吸烟）c.OlderAge（老龄）d.Inactivity（缺乏锻炼）e.Race（种族）Whoisatrisk?Anyonecanhavehighbloodpressure.Somepeoplearemorelikelytohavehighbloodpressureincluding:•AfricanAmericans(moresensitivetosalt)•Peopleoverage55•PeoplewithafamilyhistoryofhighbloodpressureWhoisatrisk?Yourchancesofhavinghighbloodpressurearehigherifyou:•Areoverweight•Eatfoodshighinsalt•Donotgetregularexercise•Smoke•Drinkalcoholheavily•UnderStress,anger,frightenedorsadinalongtimeHypertensionSymptomsHighbloodpressureissometimescalledasilentkiller(无症状杀伤者)becauseitmayhavenooutwardsymptomsforyears(可能没有外在症状长达数年).Infact,oneinfivepeoplewiththeconditiondon‘tknowtheyhaveit.Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地),itcanquietlydamagetheheart,lungs,bloodvessels,brain,andkidneysifleftuntreated.It’samajorriskfactorforstrokes(中风/脑卒中)andheartattacks(心脏病).PathologicalChanges(病变)Leftventricleinhypertensiveheartdisease.左心室壁明显增厚Primarygranular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的)atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩)ofthekidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾）：withclearlyrecognizablegranularsurfaceofthekidney.(肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis])（细动脉性肾硬化）：Severearteriolarnephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化).Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结节性)hypertensivecerebralhemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）：Internalcapsule(内囊)orBasalganglia([ˈbeisəl][ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经节)insteadofbloodclots(被血凝块代替).Hypertensiveretinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)（高血压性视网膜病变）Complications(并发症)Whenbloodpressureisnotwellcontrolled,youareatriskfor:•Bleedingfromtheaorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉出血),thelargebloodvesselthatsuppliesbloodtotheabdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]),pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]),andlegs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)•Chronickidneydisease(慢性肾疾病)•Heartattackandheartfailure(心脏病和心力衰竭)•Poorbloodsupplytothelegs(下肢供血不足)•Stroke(中风/脑卒中)•Problemswithyourvision(视觉障碍)Treatment•TheDASHDiet--DietaryApproaches(饮食疗法)toStopHypertension--involveseatingmorefruits,vegetables,whole-grainfoods(全谷类食物),low-fatdairy(低脂奶),fish,poultry(禽肉),andnuts(坚果).Youshouldeatlessredmeat(红肉),saturatedfats(饱和脂肪),andsweets(甜食).•Exercise•Medications:Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk])(利尿药)Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)ACEInhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)])(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)ARBs(肾上腺素能受体结合剂)CalciumChannelBlockers(钙通道阻滞剂)•ComplementaryTherapies（[ˈθerəpi]补充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜伽）,taichi（太极）,anddeepbreathing（深呼吸）alsohelp.PreventionAdultsover18shouldhavetheirbloodpressurecheckedregularly.Lifestylechangesmayhelpcontrolyourbloodpressure.•Exerciseoften.•Eatfoodslowinsalt.•Loseweightorkeepweightatahealthylevel.•Donotsmoke.•Limitalcohol.Thankyou!