中国哲学与宗教英文PPT

Philosophy&ReligioninChinaChineseFolkReligionTaoismConfucianismByLauraEllenShulmanChineseFolkReligionBeliefinspiritsReverenceforancestorsPriestsperformblessingrituals:–purifyingspace–Exorcisingevilspirits(“hungryghosts”)AstrologyDivinationChinesemetaphysicsisabout…EnergyChangeBalanceHarmonyInter-relationshipsChineseMetaphysicsMovementofcosmicenergies:RisingFallingExpandingContractingRotatingRepresentedbyandexpressedinthe“fiveelements”ofnature…The“FiveElements”WoodWaterMetalEarthProductivecycleFireThe“FiveElements”WoodWaterMetalEarthFireDestructivecycleXXXXXChineseMetaphysicsConceptsChi–lifeforce,lifeenergy(“ultimate”)Yin-Yang–harmonyofopposites–Yin=passivestateofenergy–Yang=activestateofenergy[Tao–the“way”ofthecosmos,ofnatureHeaven(t’ien)andEarth“MandateofHeaven”Practicalapplications:I-ChingandFengShuiTheI-Ching“BookofChanges”Ancientdivinationtechnique(atleast3000yearsold)IntendedtoguidehumansindecisionmakingBasedoncombinationsoflinesrepresentingtheeverchangingrelationshipbetweenpassive(yin)andactive(yang)energyflowofheaven,human,andearth=yang=yinTheTri-gramsEightcombinationsofthreelineseach:wind/woodFirelakeearthmountainwaterthunderheavenUsingtheI-ChingToolSymbolismofthelines:–Upperline=energystateofheaven–Middleline=energystateofhuman–Lowerline=energystateofearthTwosetsoftrigramsaredivinedtocreateahexagramUsecoinsorstickstodivineoneof64hexagramsUseI-Chingtexttodiscernmeaningofthehexagramandanyadditionalmeaningfor“changinglines”(energiesonthevergeofchanging)Askilledinterpreterisneededtoapplythegenericmeaningofthehexagram#31FengShuiTheChineseartofplacement(geomancy)Means“windwater”–symbolically,theconstantflowofwindandwaterthatcreatesconstantchangeintheworldalsoaffectsusUsesthefiveelementsandtheeightdirectionsoftheI-ChingastheBaguatoolSeekstomaintainconstantandbalancedflowofenergies(chi)inaspaceforimprovedflowofenergyinthepeoplewhousethespaceLearnmoreontheWebLearnmoreaboutYin-YangandtheFiveElements::I-ChingResourcesincludeshistoryoftheI-Chinganddetailsaboutthetrigrams:HowtousetheI-ching::SeriesofpagesonFengShuitheoryandapplication:FengShuiproductsandtipsfromMJGDesigns:Aphilosophy–ProfoundandparadoxicalAwayoflife–PlayfulandpracticalAreligionOriginatingin6thcenturyBCEChinaNatureknowsbestTaoismOriginsandTextsLegendaryfounder:LaoTzu(6thcenturyBCE)Primarytext:TaoTeChing(the“BookoftheWayandthePower”)–81short“chapters”containingthebasicphilosophyoflivinginharmonyandbalanceChuangTzu(4thcenturyBCE)–Authorofcompaniontext:TheChuangTzu–CollectionofstoriesexemplifyingthewisdomandnatureoftheTaoistsagePhilosophicalTaoismTheTao(“path”or“way”)–The“nameless”–The“Motheroften=thousandthings”–The“uncarvedblock”–AllpervadingwithinandbeyondnatureTe(“power”or“virtue”)–One’snaturalabilitybroughttopeakpotentialthroughfollowingthewayTheTaoistSage:learnsfromobservingthewayofnature(flowingwater,wind)andlettingnatureguidehiswaythroughlifeMoreTaoistConceptsWei-wu-wei(“activenon-action”)–Passivenon-resistancetothenaturalforcesoflife–Naturalwaytogetthingsdonewithleasteffortandgreatestsuccess–“Gowiththeflow,”yieldtothenaturalwayofthings–AppliedinallwalksoflifeRelativity:“good”and“bad”asamatterofperspective–TheTaoistsageisnon-judgmentalTaoismasaWayofLivingSeekingHealthandLongevity:throughdiet,meditation,exercise,andastress-freelifeAlchemy:seekingthechemical“elixiroflife”toachieveimmortalityMeditation:“InnerAlchemyMeditation”–seekingspiritualratherthanchemicaltransformationNatural/holistichealing:herbalmedicine,acupressure,acupuncture,exercise…T’ai-Chi-Ch’uan(“grandultimateboxing”)–Aslow,gracefulmartialartstressingmovementinbalanceReligiousTaoismDeificationofLaoTzuTheJadeEmperorandtheeight“Immortals”TaoisttempleswithimagesofLaoTzuandother“immortals”TaoistPriestscombineTaoistmeditationwithpurificationritesoffolkreligionexorcismpracticesTaoistsectsdevelopbeginningin1stcentury,additionalteachersandtextsConfucianismApoliticalandsocialphilosophyseekingsocialharmonyonalllevels:Withintheself…thefamily…thecommunity...thestate…thenation…theworld…thecosmosLearningfromthepasttoimprovethefutureConfucianism-OriginsKung-Fu-tzu(Confucius)“MasterKung”551-479BCEEmbracesthevaluesofthepastPoliticalaspirationsunfulfilledThe“greatestteacherwhoeverlived”Rejectedinhisownday,butthemodelforChinesecultureforover2000yearsMeng-Tzu(Mencius)(4thcentury)continuestodevelopteachingsofConfuciusConfucianism-TextsThe“FiveClassics”(ofthepast):–I-Ching–TheBookofHistory(ShuChing)–TheBookofPoems(ShihChing)–TheSpringandAutumnAnnals(Ch’unCh’iu)–TheBookofRituals(LiChi)The“FourBooks”(Confucian)–Analects(LunYu)–DoctrineoftheMean–TheGreatLearning–TheBookofMencius(Meng-Tzu)GoalofConfucianismTodevelopone’sJen:Hu