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英语虚拟语气专项训练一、虚拟条件句:条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:句型1:if+主语+过去时,主语+should(could,would,或might)+动词原形,如:(1)ifiwereyou,iwouldstudyhard.(2)ifitrained,iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致,其句型为:句型2:if+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could,would,或might)+have+过去分词,如:(3)ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.(4)ifihadnotstudiedhard,iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致,其句型为:句型3:if+主语+过去时/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形,主语+should(could,would,或might)+动词原形,如:(5)ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(6)ifiweretogotothemoononeday,icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(7)ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题:1、if条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都要遵守上述句型,如:(8)ifiwereyou,iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.(现在---过去)(9)iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour(过去---将来)(10)ifyouhadaskedhimwhenyousawhimlasttime,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(过去---现在)(11)ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:(12)hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.(13)wereitogotothemoononeday,iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(14)shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.二、名词性虚拟语气:在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:句型4:主语+(should)+动词原形,①当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如:(15)motherinsistedthatjohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock.(宾语从句)(16)itwasrequiredthatthecrops(should)beharvestedatonce.(主语从句)②advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:(17)thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.(同位语从句)(18)theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.(表语从句)注意:在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”“must”“could”等。注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:(19)thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewassatisfiedwithourwork.当insist表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:(20)themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney③itisordered/desired/decided/requested/insisted等后的主语从句中(21)itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight.④itisnatural/necessary/strange/apity/possible+that从句表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。(22)it’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)(23)itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此)(24)itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)句型5:wish后的宾语从句:与现在愿望不一致:主语+过去时;与过去愿望不一致:主语+had+过去分词/could+have+过去分词;与未来愿望不一致:主语+would(could)+动词原形。如;(25)iwishiwereyou.(26)iwishihadvisitedthewhitehousewheniwasinthestates.(27)iwishicouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句:句型6:it’s(high)time句型后用that从句时应该为:主语+should+动词原形或主语+过去时,例如:(28)it’stimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.句型7:ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“howiwish+宾语从句”,如:(29)ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。(30)ifonlyihadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。句型8:wouldrather,asif(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,如:(31)i’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(32)i’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.(33)shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.(34)alantalkedaboutromeasifhehadbeenthere.句型9:without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如:(35)withoutyou,iwouldneverknowhim.(36)butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.(37)butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(38)iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,buti’ambusynow.(39)ishouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butiwasbusy.(40)iambusynow,otherwiseiwoulddoyouthefavor!句型10:ifitwerenotfor.../ifithadn’tbeenfor...(要不是因为...),其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。如:(41)ifitwerenotforhishelp,iwouldn’tgohomenow.(42)ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersontheboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.四、学法建议在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时,同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式,它将为学习此类句子奠定基础,在此基础上,才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气,if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意在学习asif引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时,要很好理解句子,在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.a.willbeb.wouldhavebeenc.couldhavebeend.wouldbe2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.a.wouldsucceedb.hadsucceededc.shouldsucceedd.wouldhavesucceeded3.—Ifhe____,he____thatfood.—luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.a.waswarned;wouldnottakeb.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenc.wouldbewarned;hadnottakend.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,i____abletoringhimupnow.a.told;wouldbeb.hadtold;wouldbec.hadtold;wouldhavebeend.told;am5.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.smith.a.hadbeen;wouldgob.were;hadgonec.were;wouldhavegoned.am;willgo6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.a.isb.willbec.wouldhavebeend.wouldbe7.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.a.wouldnottakeb.didn'ttakec.hadn'ttakend.wouldn'thavetaken8.—Theexperimenthasfailed!—Isuggestthatyou____again.a.tryb.tryingc.willtryd.wouldtry9.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.a.didn'tagreeb.hadn'tagreedc.wouldn'tagreed.notagree10.Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter____arichman.a.wouldbeengagedtob.beengagedtoc.shouldengagetod.mustbeengagedto11.Sheinsistedthatshe____illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn'tbelieve.a.hadn'tspokenb.shouldn'tspeakc.wouldn'tspeakd.notspeak12.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You____withbarbara.a.couldhavestayedb.couldstayc.wouldstayd.musthavestayed13.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Y
本文标题:虚拟语气专项训练
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