中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter10

AGLIMPSEOFCHINESECULTURE中国文化概况Chapter10Architecture1.掌握中国古代建筑的特点2.了解中国古代建筑的主要类型3.介绍中国桥梁4.辨认典型的中国风格建筑学习目标Lead-inActivityTextStudyDiscussion&PresentationOverviewLead-inActivityWatch&ThinkWatchthevideoclipanddiscuss:WhatancientChinesearchitectureimpressesyoumost？Arethereanyresidentialhouseswithdistinctfeaturesinyourhometown？Lead-inActivityTextStudyDiscussion&PresentationOverviewTraditionalChineseArchitectureChineseBridgeTypicalChinesestructureandornamentTextStudyCharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitectureTimberFrameworkPlain,FlexibleandBeautifulLayoutTheBuildingMaterials.ArtisticRoofDesignColorfulPaintingTraditionalChineseArchitectureCharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitectureTimberframeworktimberframeworkasasupportingstructurewallswerenotloadbearing;onlyusedtoseparatespacestimberframesupportedmostoftheweightofthehousewindows,doors,andwallswerenotrestrictedtocertainlocationsCharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitecturePlain,flexibleandbeautifullayoutChinesestructuresarebasedontheprincipleofbalanceandsymmetrythemainstructureistheaxisThesecondarystructureswerepositionedastwowingsoneithersidetoformthemainroomandyard.CharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitectureThebuildingmaterialstimbers,bricksandtiles.theglazedtile:high-gradebuildingmaterial,palacebuilding,largemansionsofsomenoblesandofficialsgraytile:residencesofnoblesandofficialsCharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitectureTheartisticroofdesignhugeroofswithextendedeavestoensureenoughlightingtoavoidthedampeningofthewallstowardoffevilspiritsintemplezoomorphicornamentscalledwenshou(吻兽)atraditionalpractice:placinganimalfiguresonroofridgesCharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitectureThecolorfulpaintplaystherolesofdecorationandprotection.initiallyusedonwoodforantisepsisLater,itbecameanarchitecturalornamentImperialArchitectureImperialmausoleumsImperialpalacesThemeaningofnumbernineTraditionalChineseArchitectureImperialArchitectureImperialmausoleumsrepresentedthehighestarchitecturaltechniquesoftheirtimesusuallybuiltagainsthillsormountainsandfaceplainsImperialArchitectureImperialpalacesemperorslivedadministeredtheircourtthemostrevered,luxuriousandgrandiosearchitecturaltypesImperialArchitectureThemeaningofnumbernineoddnumbersrepresentyang;evennumbersyinNineisthelargestoddnumberunderten,itwasregardedanextremelyluckynumber.emperorslikedtomonopolizeittosymbolizetheirsuperiorityDesignsrelatedtonineappearedalmostoneveryimperialstructure.BeijingquadranglesShanxicavedwellingsHuizhouresidentialhousesDaibamboohouseCivilianResidentialHousingSinceChinaisacountryofdiversenaturalenvironmentsandculturaltraditions,itscivilianresidentialhousingfeaturesdiversestyles.TraditionalChineseArchitectureCivilianresidentialhousingBeijingquadrangles(北京四合院)formedbyfourinward-facinghouseslinkedbyenclosingwallstheprincipalroom:familyritualstakeplaceanddistinguishedguestsarewelcomedallroomsfaceacourtyardscreenwall:topreventoutsidersfrompeepinginShanxicavedwellings(窑洞)thenorthwestLoessPlateauofChina；themiddleandupperreachesoftheYellowRivernaturalconditionofdryweather,littlerain,coldwinterandlimitedtimberwarminwinterandcoolinsummerEconomical,requirealmostnotimberinconstructionCivilianresidentialhousingHuizhouresidentialhousesembracedlocalphysicalfeaturesincorporatedfengshuiconceptsandaesthetictrendsblacktiles,whitewallsanddecorationsplacedelegantlyonupturnedeavesthegarden-stylewithexquisitecarvingsonthedoorsandwindowsdoorframeconstructedwithonestoneratherthanawoodCivilianresidentialhousingoverallbuildingcomplexesareroundorsquaresomeinthestyleoflargemansionsorintheshapeoftheEightTrigrams.usuallythreetofourfloorsthetallestcomplexeshaveuptosixfloorsabuildingholdsmorethan50familiesCivilianresidentialhousingHakkacastle-likedwellings(客家土楼)DaibamboohousethetraditionaldwellingoftheDaipeoplesquareinshape,twostoreys.livingquarters:theupperstorey,supportedbywoodenpolesandmorethantwometersabovethegroundtheopen-walledlowerstoreyisforraisingdomesticanimalsandforstoragethebuildinghasanoblique(斜的)roof,shapedasanupsidedown,coveredwithgrassortiles.theupperstorey:innerbedroomsandanouterlivingroomSomeEthnicHousesMongolianyurtsarefelttents.Woodenpolesarefastenedwithleatherthongsandstudstoformafence-likestructureEachpartoftheyurtisquiteconvenienttodisassembleandcarry.Mongolianyurts(蒙古包)SomeEthnicHousesthemostpopulardwellingoftheTibetanBuiltmostlyofstoneandearth,theylooklikeblockhouses(diaobao),hencethenameofdiaofangthefirstfloorisoftenusedforlivestockandpoultrygenerallyofthreestoreysormoreStonechamber(碉房)SomeEthnicHousesTraditionalChineseArchitectureChineseBridgeTypicalChinesestructureandornamentTextStudyChineseBridgeChinahasinheritedinnumerablebridgesfromherpast.Inthesouthernregionsofriversandlakes,the、landscapeisdottedwithbridgesofvarioussizesanddescriptions.distinctivecharacteristics,varyingbuildingmaterialsanddifferentformsChineseBridgeTheStoneArchBridge(石拱桥)TheZigzagBridge(曲折桥)ThePavilionBridge(亭桥)TheStoneArchBridgeLvrenqiaothef