中国文化英语教程Unit-5

Unit5Eco-awarenessinTraditionalChineseCultureLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inWatchavideoclipoftheEnglishdocumentaryHome,andnoticetheeco-philosophyitholds.IntroductionThePhilosophyof“Life”EcologicalAestheticsHumansatOnewithOtherLivingThingsTextstudyIntroduction•Protectionoftheeco-environmentiscapturingwiderinternationalattentiontoday.•Eco-ethicsandeco-philosophyhaveariseninthefaceoftheincreasinglyseriousecologicalcrisisfacingthewholeworld.Eco-ethicsandeco-philosophy•Themainideaofeco-ethicsandeco-philosophyistoreplace“human-centrism(人类中心主义)”with“eco-holism(生态整体主义)”.•Itholdsthatalllivingthingsintheearth’sbiosphereareentitledtoequalrightssimilartothoseofhumanbeings,ortherightstosurvivalanddevelopment.Introduction•WhenweexaminetraditionalChineseculture,wealsofindfromancienttimesastrongeco-consciousnessthatisatonewitheco-ethicsandeco-philosophy.IntroductionThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”•TraditionalChinesephilosophyisaphilosophyof“life”.Confucius“Heavenisthesourceofalllivingthings.”The“creationoflife”isthe“HeavenlyWay(天道)”andthe“HeavenlyDestination(天命)”.TheBookofChanges(Yijing)“Thecontinuouscreationoflifeischange(生生之谓易).”ThegreatvirtueofHeavenandEarthiscreatinglife(天地之大德曰生).“ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”Mencius“(Oneshould)loveone‘sfamily,lovethepeople,andlovealllivingthingsintheworld(亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物).”Confucianthinkersoflatergenerationscarriedontheideaof“HeavenandEarthgivingbirthtoalllife(天地生物之心)”,andthusemphasizedloveforandkindnesstowardalllivingthings.•ManyprominentConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynasty(960-1279)echoedtheirmaster'sviewonlife.ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”“Heavencreateslifethroughyangandnurtures(养育)lifethroughyin(天以阳生万物，以阴成万物).”—ZhouDunyi(1017-1073)Note:ZhouDunyi:周敦颐。北宋理学家，曾撰写《太极图书》和《通书》。ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”“Thenatureoflifeislove(生之性便是仁).”—ChengYi(1033-1107)Note:ChengYi:程颐。称伊川先生，河南府（今河南洛阳）人，与程颢为兄弟，世称“二程”，同受学于理学创始人周敦颐，后建立了自己的理学体系。ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”“Allpeopleintheworldaremybrothersandallbeingsintheworldaremycompanions(民吾同胞，物吾与也).“—ZhangHengqu(1020-1077)Note:ZhangHengqu:张横渠，名载，字子厚，北宋哲学家，人称横渠先生。理学支脉“关学”创始人，反对“有生于无”的思想，提出“太虚”即“元气”、“气”，是万物生成的本源。ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”“Thosewithloveregardthemselvesasthesameasotherlivingthingsintheworld(仁者以天地万物为一体).”—ChengHao(1032-1085)Note:ChengHao:程颢。称明道先生，为程颐兄弟。“二程”为理学的奠基者。ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”Note:ZhengBanqiao:郑板桥。清代著名画家，“扬州八怪”的主要代表，以三绝“诗、书、画”闻名于世的书画家、文学家。“Ilovedalllivingthingsintheworld,beitanantoraninsect.Thiswasthe‘willofHeaven’,andthathumanbeingsshouldunderstandHeaven’swill.”—ZhengBanqiao(1693-1765)ThePhilosophyof“Life(生)”•Relatedtoeco-ethicsandeco-philosophyistheeco-aestheticsoftraditionalChineseculture.瘦西湖SlenderWestLakeinYangzhou,JiangsuProvince,asceneofvibrantlifeEcologicalAestheticsEcologicalAesthetics•AncientChinesethinkersregardednature,withhumanbeingsincludedinit,astheworldoflife.Alllivingthingsintheworldhavetheirownlifeandstateofbeing.EcologicalAestheticsEcologicalAestheticsEcologicalAesthetics•Loveforalllivingthingsintheworldandappreciationfortheirstateofbeingcanoftenbefoundinancientworksofartandliterature.HumansatOnewithOtherLivingThingsArt•DongQichang(1555-1636),afamouspainterofthelateMingDynasty,explainedthat,mostartistsenjoyedalonglifebecauseeverythingtheyobservedwasfulloflife.Note:DongQichang:董其昌。“华亭派”的主要代表，精于书画鉴赏，其书画风格名重当世，并成为明代艺坛的主流。•DongYou,collectorandconnoisseur(鉴赏家)oftheSongDynasty,emphasizedthatartistsshoulddepict(描绘)thestateoflife,whichexistsinnature.Therefore,artistsshouldobserveandlearnfromnature.HumansatOnewithOtherLivingThings•WangGai(1654-1710)oftheQingDynastycomparedthehappinessoffishintheirnaturalworldtothatofhumansintheirnaturalworld.Note:WangGai:王概。擅诗画，传世作品有康熙《玉山观画图》轴等；且擅诗文，著有《澄心堂纸赋》称于时。HumansatOnewithOtherLivingThingsAworkofWangGaiLiterature•InthepoemsoftheTangandSongdynasties,whenChinesepoetryreachedtheapex(预点)ofdevelopment,birdsandflowerswereoftendepictedasiftheyhadhumanfeelings.HumansatOnewithOtherLivingThings•InStrangeTalesfromMake-doStudio(LiaozhaiZhiyi),byPuSongling(1640-1715),humanbeingsandotherlivingthingsaredescribedasbeingofthesamekind.Manyofthestoriestelloflovebetweenmenandbeautifulwomenincarnated(化身的)fromplantsoranimals.Note:1.StrangeTalesfromMake-doStudio:《聊斋志异》。清代文言短篇小说集，蒲松龄撰，合计近500篇。故事来源非常广泛，具有很高的思想价值和独特的艺术风格。2.PuSongling:蒲松龄。清代文学家，别号柳泉居士，山东淄川（今属淄博市）人。HumansatOnewithOtherLivingThingsPuSonglingHumansatOnewithOtherLivingThingsExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlypointout?2)WhatisemphasizedintheConfucianphilosophyof“life”?ThefirstparagraphmainlypointsouttheurgencyoftheecologicalproblemsIntheConfucianphilosophyof“life”,loveforandkindnesstowardalllivingthingsareemphasized.3)AccordingtoZhengBanqiao,whatisthe“willofHeaven”?AccordingtoZhengBanqiao,the“willofHeaven”istolovealllivingthingsintheworld,beitanantoraninsect.4)Whatiseco-aestheticsoftraditionalChineseculturerelatedto?Eco-aestheticsoftraditionalChinesecultureisrelatedtoeco-ethicsandeco-philosophy.Comprehension6)Inth