中国文化英语教程Unit-14

Lead-inTextstudyExercisesUnit14TheEternalSmileoftheBuddhaLead-inWhat’sthenameofthisstatue?Whereisitlocated?Inwhatsenseisitspecial?ItisLeshanGrandBuddha,locatedinLeshanCity,SiChuanProvince.ItisthelargestBuddhainasittingpostureintheworld.IntroductionBeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesSmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesBuddhaofBrightnessintheLongmenGrottoesTextstudyCompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouIntroductionStatuesoftheBuddhaconstituteanimportantcomponentofChineseBuddhistartsurvivingthevicissitudes(变迁)oftime.TheBuddhastatues,inasense,recordthedevelopmentofChinesecivilization,displayingtheachievementsofsculpturalartsandexpressingtheaspirationsofthepeople.BeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesMogaoGrottoesAlsoknownastheCavesoftheThousandBuddhas.Itisanartistictreasure-housecombiningarchitecture,paintedsculpturesandmurals(壁画).Guanyin(theGoddessofMercy)AlsoknownastheBodhisattva,asagesecondonlytoSakyamuni(释迦牟尼).Sheispopularforherbenevolence(仁慈)andreadinesstoeasethoseindistress.BeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesBeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesTheChinesehavebeenworshippingGuanyinforover1,000yearsthroughceremonies.TheGoddesswasoriginallyamaleBuddhainIndianBuddhism,buttransformedintoawomenembodyingthegoodqualitieslikegentleness,kindnessandtoleranceafteritwasintroducedintoChina.TherearemanystatuesofthegoddessinMogao,includingthefamousGuanyinwith1,000handsandeyes.BeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesBeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoes“Guanyinwith1,000Hands”firstputonstagebytheChinaDanceTroupeofDisabledPersonsseveralyearsago,hasbeenhailedbyaudiencestheworldover,andisinitselfanexpressionofpeople’sdevotiontotheGoddessofMercy.BeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesThetwostatuesarealikeinappearance.BeautifulGuanyinintheMogaoGrottoesSimilarities:chignon(发髻)ontheheadacelestial(天国的)robecrescent(月牙形的)eyebrowslovablegentleeyesfaintlysmilingbrightandbenevolentexpressionandbenign(慈祥的)countenance(面容)S-shapepostureSmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesMaijisanGrottoesMaijishangotitsnamefromitshaystack-likeshape.Location:southeastofTianshuicityinGansuProvince.Notedforthequalityandquantityoftheclaysculptures.MaijisanGrottoesAstrongsecularflavor;InfluencedbyIndiansculpture;Thestatuesarewroughtwithmanyhumanfeatures;ThecalmandamiablesmileonthefaceoftheBuddhamakeshimseemnotfarawayfromus.SmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesThemainBuddhastatueinGrotto44160centimeterstallawoman’sfigure(hair)LongandthineyebrowsAslightlyinclinedheadSmilingmysteriouslyandkindlyWearingakasaya(袈裟),thedraping(成褶状下垂)curvesofwhicharesmoothlyandbeautifullyoutlinedSmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesAccordingtotheBuddhistsutras(经),whenSakyamunigaveasermon(讲道),healwayssmiled;Thisstatuehasnotonlyasmileonhisfacebutasmileseemingtospreadalloverhisbody;ThesmilingcountenanceandthegentlecontoursofhisbodyeffectivelydisplaytheBuddha'smagnanimity(高尚),composureandelegance.TheSmileSmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesThesesmilingandmagnificentstatuesrekindledpeople’shopeandfaith.SmilingBuddhaintheMaijishanGrottoesBuddhaofBrightnessintheLongmenGrottoesLongmenGrottoesAhistoryofmorethan1,500years;Location:southernsuburbsofLuoyang,HenanProvince.TheBuddhaofBrightnessThebiggeststatueinthetempleofAncestorWorshipwhichisthelargestoftheLongmenGrottoes.AlsocalledSambhoga-kayaBuddha(卢舍那大佛/光明之神).Ittookthreeyearstofinish.CompletedintheTangDynastyduringthereignofEmpressWu(690-704)forthepurposeofconsecration(祭祀).BuddhaofBrightnessintheLongmenGrottoesMorethan17metershigh;ThelargeststatueintheLongmenGrottoes;Seenastheindealreincarnation(转世化身)ofSakyamuniwiththepowerofeternalbrightness.TheBuddhaofBrightnessBuddhaofBrightnessintheLongmenGrottoesBuddhaofBrightnesswearsaserene(安详的)expression,facingtheworldwithdignifiedcomposure.BuddhaofBrightnessintheLongmenGrottoesCompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouInOctober1996,acavewasaccidentallydiscoveredataconstructionsiteinQingzhouofShandongProvince.Archeologistsfoundmorethan400exquisiteBuddhastatuesfromtheNorthernQiDynasty(550-577).Thiswasoneofthemostexcitingarcheologicalfindingsof20thcenturyChina.CompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouCompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouThestatuesareeithersculptedintheroundorwiththeirbacksinthestonewall.Theirpostures,standingorsitting,aresovividandvariedthattheyaddtouchesoflivelinesstothesolemnambienceofthecaves.CompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouThisparticularstatuepresentsaninnocentandlovableimageoftheBuddha;Thoughhisbodyisincomplete,theaudiencecanstillvisualizethewholepicture.CompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouFeaturesGenerallyspeaking,Buddhastatuesalwaysemphasizenaturalandcalmfacialexpressions.ButthesculptorsoftheQingzhoustatuesplacemoreemphasisonthemeticulous(仔细的)depictionofmovement.ThismaketheQingzhoustatuesdemonstratemoreofanunaffected,stronglocalflavor.Thesmilesofthesestatuesarecalm,sweetandreserved.Thejoyiscontagious(感染性的),risingfromtheirinnermostworld,spreadingfromthesoultothebody,andontotheirposturesandeventheirrobes.Thesmilestravelfarfromathousandyearsagototoday‘shumanworld.CompassionateBuddhaofQingzhouExercisesCompr