我市企业ERP应用现状及问题分析

五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)I摘要本文阐释了ERP的内涵及包括的内容，分析了ERP在中国的应用情况，描述了ERP软件产品的主要特点，并探讨了ERP在中国应用所存在的问题及发展前景。我国企业在实施ERP过程中普遍存在选型错误、条件不成熟和思想认识不到位等问题,加深对ERP的认识深度、合理进行选型、强化企业业务流程重组、完善实施机构建设是我国企业成功实施ERP的必由之路。根据搜集到的资料，本文试图从政府信息化政策和中小企业信息化措施两个层面出发，主要探讨江门地区中小企业信息化的策略，根据了解到的江门市企业的基本状况，分析江门市企业ERP的应用状况及存在问题，并提出相应对策，借此分析江门的经济发展情况，为利用信息技术改善企业的竞争优势，获取更大的竞争主动提供帮助。关键词ERP；信息化策略；中小企业；应用情况；存在问题五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)IIAbstractThispaperhasexplainedthecontentwhichtheERPconnotationandincludes,hasanalyzedERPinChina’sapplicationsituation,describedtheERPsoftwareproductmaincharacteristic,andhasdiscussedERPthequestionandtheprospectsfordevelopmentwhichappliesinChinaexists.Generallythereareproblemsasmode-selectionerror,unpreparedconditions,andnotcomprehendingitdeeplyintheprocessofimplementingEPRinourcountry’scorporations.So,deepeningcomprehensionofEPR,selectingmodereasonably,intensifyingthere-organizationofoperation-flowincorporation,andconstitutinginstitutionsperfectlyistheonlywaytoimplementingEPRsuccessfullyinourcountry’scorporations.Baseintheinformationwegather,thispapertrytoexploretheJiangmenareasofinformationtechnologystrategyforSMEsfromthegovernment’sinformationpolicyandinformationtechnologymeasuresthistwoaspects.Fromwhatweknow,wecananalyzetheapplicationthatcorporationusedinJiangmenandwhatkindproblemsareexist.Baseinit,makesomecountermeasurestoanalyzetheeconomydevelopmentinJiangmen.Useofittoimprovethecompetitivenessofenterprises,theacquisitionofgreatercompetitiontohelp.KeywordsERP;Informationstrategy;SMEs;Instanceofapplication;Existentmatter五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)1目录摘要························································································ⅠAbstract··················································································Ⅱ绪论·························································································1一、ERP的含义及包括的内容························································2（一）ERP的概念······························································21．ERP具备的四个功能标准···········································22．不同角度看ERP的定义·············································3（二）ERP的时代背景························································4（三）ERP的由来······························································4（四）ERP系统的特点及核心内容·········································51．ERP系统的特点及核心内容········································52．ERP与企业资源的关系、ERP的作用以及与信息技术的发展的关系·······························································5二、国内外企业ERP软件使用情况·················································9（一）国外在该方向的研究现状及分析··································9（二）国外在该方向的研究现状及分析·································10三、ERP在我国的发展现状及发展趋势···········································13（一）中国企业管理模式的发展过程和发展趋势·····················13（二）ERP系统在中国的发展··············································14（三）国产ERP软件存在的问题及解决方案···························15四、ERP在我国企业应用中存在的问题···········································18（一）我国企业实施ERP存在的问题····································18（二）我国企业实施ERP系统的若干对策······························19五、江门市企业ERP应用的基本状况·············································22（一）江门市的基本情况···················································22（二）江门市企业的基本情况·············································23（三）江门市企业ERP应用的基本情况·································24（四）江门地区中小企业信息化的现状分析···························25六、江门市企业ERP存在的问题、对策··········································27（一）江门市中小企业信息化存在的问题······························27（二）江门市中小企业信息化的策略分析······························29五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)21．政府的信息化策略················································292．中小企业的信息化策略··········································30（三）江门中小企业信息化的实施思考·································31结论························································································34致谢························································································35参考文献··················································································36附录一·····················································································38附录二·····················································································40附录三·····················································································44五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)1我市企业ERP应用现状及问题分析绪论在短短半个世纪中，企业资源规划（EnterpriseResourcePlanning,ERP）已经从概念萌芽状态迅速成长起来，创造了全球范围内250亿美元的成熟市场，并成为信息时代的一面旗帜。在20世纪40年代，人们提出了控制库存的订货点法，当时计算机系统还没有出现；60年代，随着计算机系统的发展，人们提出了时段式MRP（物料需求计划）理论，作为一种库存订货计划；70年代，随着人们认识的加深以及计算机系统的进一步普及，MRP的理论范畴得到了发展，进入了闭环MRP（生产计划与控制系统）阶段；80年代，随着计算机网络技术的发展，MRP的各子系统集采购、库存、生产、销售、财务、工程技术等为一体，发展了MRPⅡ（企业经营生产管理信息系统）理论；90年代，随着市场竞争的进一步加剧，信息系统的指导思想由全面计划管理企业内部资源，逐步发展成为怎样有效利用和管理整体资源。ERP应运而生。此后随着人们认识的不断深入，ERP被赋予了更深的内涵。它强调供应链的管理，涵盖了越来越多的企业职能，并支持集团化、跨地区的运行。五邑大学本科毕业设计(论文)2一、ERP的含义及其包括的内容（一）ERP的概念企业资源计划（EnterpriseResourcePlanning，简称ERP）系统是一种主要面向制造行业进行物质资源、资金资源和信息资源集成一体化管理的企业信息管理系统。通过运用ERP，企业能够利用计算机对企业的资金、货物、人员和信息等资源进行自动化管理，具有制造，办公操作，供应链管理，人力资源管理，项目管理，财务与管理，客户服务，销售与市场营销等商业功能。企业资源计划对于在企业高度普及计算机辅助管理，实现企业管理信息化和自动化，提高工作效率和增强快速反应能力，都具有十分重要的意义。1．ERP具备的四个功能标准对ERP的描述有很多种说法，GartnerGroup提出ERP具备的功能标准应包括四个方面：（1）超越MRPⅡ范围的集成功能包