Confucianism

ChineseCultureChapter5ChineseReligionsWhatisCultureDefinition?•Someconceiveofcultureasseparatinghumansfromnon-humans.•Somedefineitascommunicableknowledge.•Someasthesumofhistoricalachievementsproducedbyman’ssociallife.•Inaword:cultureislearned,shared,andtransmittedfromthegenerationtothenext.ChineseReligionandPhilosophyThethreemainChinesereligionsare•Buddhism•Taoism•Confucianism•ThesethreemainreligionshaveinteractedwithoneanotherthroughoutthetwothousandsyearsofChinesehistory.Religion&PhilosophyChineseReligiousTradition•I.Confucianism:thecornerstoneoftraditionalChineseculture•II.Daoism:theonlyindigenousChinesereligion•III.Buddhism:ChineseBuddhismandTibetanBuddhism1.ReligionandPhilosophy•Chinahasanapproximately4100-yearrecordedhistory.(Fromtheendlessprimevalperiod,around2,100B.C.)•Confucianism,TaoismandBuddhismarethethreegreatthoughts.MostsocialvaluesarederivedfromConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.ItemCentralFigureNeonatalDateDurationSumConfucianismConfucius479BCTo20102500yearsTaoismLaozi6thcenturyBCTo20102500yearsBuddhismSakyamuni6thcenturyBCintoChinain6thCenturyADTo20101500yearsChineseReligiousTraditionTheLeadingFiguresConfuciusLaoZiShakyamuniConfucianismTaoismBuddhism1.1ConfucianismConfucius•Confucianism(儒家;pinyin:Rújiā)isaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius(KǒngFūzǐ,lit.MasterKong,551–478BC).•Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophical,andquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.TeachingsofConfucianism•ThebasicclouofConfucianismstressestheimportanceoftheindividualmoraldevelopment,sothatthestatecanbegovernedbymoralvirtueratherthanbythelaws.•Goldenmean(philosophy):thefelicitousmiddlebetweentheextremesofexcessanddeficiency“Ridthetwoends,takethemiddleone.”•RelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromone'sspecialsituationinrelationtoothers.Ren仁(benevolence,love)&Li礼(rites)---respectforthesystemofsocialhierarchy.1.1ConfucianismConfucius•Confucianism(儒家;pinyin:Rújiā)isaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius(KǒngFūzǐ,lit.MasterKong,551–478BC).•Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophical,andquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.TeachingsofConfucianism•ThebasicclouofConfucianismstressestheimportanceoftheindividualmoraldevelopment,sothatthestatecanbegovernedbymoralvirtueratherthanbythelaws.•Goldenmean(philosophy):thefelicitousmiddlebetweentheextremesofexcessanddeficiency“Ridthetwoends,takethemiddleone.”•RelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromone'sspecialsituationinrelationtoothers.Ren仁(benevolence,love)&Li礼(rites)---respectforthesystemofsocialhierarchy.I.Confucianism•A.ThelifeofConfucius•B.TheteachingofConfucius•C.Confucianismandtheliberaltradition•D.ImpactonChinesesocietyConfucius•OneofthemostfamouspeopleinancientChinawasawisephilosophernamedConfucius(circa551-479BC).HesometimeswentbythenamesKongZithoughhewasborn-KongQiu-styledZhongNi.HewasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLu.Confucius•Thischinesemanwasawell-knownleaderinphilosophyandhealsomademanywisephrasesandtheoriesaboutthelaw,life,andthegovernment.Philosophyisakindofasystemofideasandthoughtsthattalkaboutthehuman'sbehavior,therulesthatyoushouldfollowtomakeasuccessfullife,andaboutthegovernment.Confucius•Confuciuswasborninapoorfamilyintheyear551B.C.,andhewasborninthestateofLu.HisoriginalnamewasK'ungCh'iu.Hisfather,commanderofadistrictinLu,diedthreeyearsafterConfuciuswasborn,leavingthefamilyinpoverty;butConfuciusneverthelessreceivedafineeducation.Hewasmarriedattheageof19andhadonesonandtwodaughters.Confucius•OneofthegreatestphilosopherinChina•Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.•Chinesesocietywasinfluencedbytheseideasformorethan2,000years.Confuciusandhisstudents•大道之行也，天下为公。ApublicspiritwillruleallundertheskywhenthegreatWayprevails.•有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。Itissuchadelighttohavefriendscomingfromafar.有教无类。•Inteachingthereshouldbenodistinctionofclasses。ConfucianismConfucianismwasoriginallythephilosophyofConfuciuswhostressedthemaintenanceofastablesystemofinter-personalrelationshipsatdifferentlevelsofsociety.TheAnalectsConfucianismTheConfuciantraditionhasalonghistoricallegacyinEastAsiaextendingfromChinaacrossKoreaandJapanandintoVietnam.Despitetheenormoushistoricalvariations,culturalparticularities,andnationaldifferencesintheregion,therearecertaincentralideasandvalueswhichhavespreadacrossthearea,andevenhaveinfluencedourmodernlife.Theembeddednessofeachpersoninconcentriccirclesofrelationshipsandethicalresponsibilities,TheimportanceofthefamilyTheimportanceofahierarchicalsocialsystemThesignificanceofeducationA.ThelifeofConfucius•FullnameConfucius孔子•Born:28September551BCQufu,Lu•Died:479BC(aged71or72)Qufu,LuAportraitofConfuciusbytheTangDynastyartistWuDaozi(680–740).A.ThelifeofConfucius•《论语·为政》“吾十有五，而志于学。三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩”。•WhenI'm15,Ideterminedtolearn;inmythirties,I'mindependent;inmyforties,I'mfreeoftemptation;inmyfifties,Ikno