家庭装修中人造板材污染物的防治与研究

西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文家庭装修中人造板材污染物的防治与研究专业：设计艺术学硕士生：范宁指导教师：赵西平教授摘要室内空气污染大多源自不当的室内装修，装修材料主要指用于基本建筑材料表面的材料，起保护、防护、美化等作用。包括有人造板材，以及基于人造板的一些家具、地板、装饰面板。人造板是以木材或其他非木材植物为原料，经一定机械加工分离成各种单元材料后，施加或不施加胶粘剂和其他添加剂胶合而成的板材或模压制品。包括胶合板、刨花板、中密度纤维板、木工板等，主要用于家具制造、室内装饰和装修。这些人造板材在一定条件下就会释放甲醛、挥发性有机化合物等有害物质。这些被释放出来的有害物质对人体的伤害极大，严重时导致鼻咽癌、结肠癌、细胞核的基因突变，引起新生儿的染色体异常、白血病，青少年记忆力和智力下降等。本文介绍了家庭装修案例中人造板材的使用和污染状况，并通过跟踪测试的方法，对不同住户不同的人造板用量进行数据比较，得出家装空间人造板材用量对污染物数值的影响规律，提出针对人造板的绿色设计方案。并对以后的装修提出相应的治理对策。针对室内人造板材对环境的污染状况，提出了对板材中挥发性有机化合物和甲醛等污染物质的控制与降低的方法，在进行室内装饰装修时应尽量避免不合格产品的使用，选用符合国家标准、高质量的环保建材，保证室内充分的通风换气，加快有害物质的释放，降低污染物浓度。目前比较常用的降低污染物的方法有物理吸附法、化学净化方法、植物吸附、空气负离子技术、光催化技术等。当然，要在设计的同时适当减少人造板材的用量，简单装修，绿色装修，大力倡导“轻装修，重装饰”的装修理念，才能从源头上控制室内污染物的浓度，营造健康的室内环境。关键词：家装空间；人造板材；甲醛；挥发性有机化合物；净化西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文PreventionandResearchonHomeDecorationContaminationofArtificialPlateSpecialty：ArtisticDesignName：FanningInstructor：Prof.ZhaoXi-pingAbstractMostindoorairpollutionfromimproperinteriordecoration.Decorationmaterialsismainlyreferringtothematerialusedonthesurfaceofbasicconstructionmaterials,whichhasfunctionsasprotection,landscapingandsoon.Includingartificialboard,aswellassomeplywoodfurniture,flooring,decorativepanelsbasedonartificialplate.It'smadeofwoodorothernon-woodplantsasrawmaterials,bemachinedintoavarietyofcellmaterial,appliedornotwithadhesiveglueandotheradditivesmadeofsheetmetalormoldedproducts.Includingplywood,particleboard,mediumdensityfiberboard,woodpanels,etc.,mainlyusedforfurnituremaking,interiordecorationandrenovation.Theseartificialplateswillreleaseformaldehyde,volatileorganiccompoundsandotherharmfulsubstancesundercertainconditions.Theseharmfulsubstancesareofgreatharmtothehumanbody,leadingtoseriousnasopharyngealcarcinoma,coloncancer,mutationsinnucleargenes,causingneonatalchromosomalabnormalities,leukemia,adolescentmemoryandintellectualdecline.Thispaperintroducesthecaseofhomedecorationandthepollutionstatusofusingartificialboard.Withtrackingtestmethod,wemadecomparisonofdifferentwood-basedpanelsindifferenthouseholdsconsumptiondata,derivedtherelationshipbetweentheamountofartificialboardofdecorationspaceandthenumericalinfluecetopollutants,inthefinalcometoareasonableamountofwood-basedpanels,proposedthegreendesignschemeofartificialboard.Andthefuturecorrespondingcountermeasuresarepresented.Forindoorenvironmentalpollutionofartificialboards,thecontrolandreductionmethodsoftheboardinformaldehydeandothervolatileorganiccompoundsandpollutantsarepresented.Materialsinlinewithnationalstandardsshouldbeusedwhile西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文substandardproductsshouldbeavoidedininteriordecoration.Ensureadequateindoorventilationtospeedupthereleaseofharmfulsubstancesandreducetheconcentrationofpollutants.Nowcommonlyusedmethodstoreducepollutantsarephysicaladsorption,chemicalpurificationmethods,plantadsorption,airnegativeionstechnology,photocatalytictechnology.Ofcourse,inthedesignatthesametime,appropriatetoreducetheamountofaritificialplates,simpledecoration,greenrenovation,andvigorouslypromotethephilosophylightdecoration,re-decorated,inordertocontroltheconcentrationofindoorpollutantsfromthesource,andcreateahealthyindoorenvironment.Keywords：Homeimprovementspace;Artificialplate;Formaldehyde;Volatileorganiccompounds;Purify.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文I目录1.绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景...............................................................................................11.2课题研究的目的与意义...................................................................................11.3国内外课题研究的相关理论与实践...............................................................21.4课题研究的方法和框架...................................................................................51.4.1课题研究的方法...................................................................................51.4.2课题的研究框架.................................................................................62.家庭装修概况分析.....................................................................................................72.1家装空间的基本特征.......................................................................................72.1.1家庭装修内部空间的功能与设计分析...............................................72.2家装空间的案例概况.......................................................................................92.2.1室外环境的影响.................................................................................102.2.2室内环境的影响.................................................................................103.家装空间中人造板材的使用...................................................................................133.1人造板材概述.................................................................................................133.2人造板中甲醛散发的测量方法.....................................................................153.3降低人造板材中甲醛释放的措施.................................................................164.家装空间人造板材的污染物解析...........................................................................194.1人造板材中主要污染物....................