MarkTwain马克吐温英文介绍

----ThetruefatherofAmericannationalliterature----MirrorofAmericaMARKTWAINTHEAGEOFREALISMHowtodefinetheRealisticPeriodinAmericanliteraryhistory?Theperiodrangingfrom1865tol914hasbeenreferredtoastheAgeofRealismintheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStates,whichisactuallyamovementortendencythatdominatedthespiritofAmericanliterature,especiallyAmericanfiction,fromthe1850sonwards.RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismoramoveawayfromthebiastowardsromanceandself-creatingfictions,anditpavedthewaytoModernism.Insteadofthinkingabouttheirrational,theimaginative,realiststoucheduponsocialandpoliticalrealitiesandpressuresinthepost-CivilWarsociety.ThreedominantfiguresareWilliamDeanHowells,MarkTwain,andHenryJames.Penname:MarkTwainRealname:SamuelLanghorneClemensBirthday:November30,1835Dateofdeath:April21,1910status:anAmericanauthor,humoristandoratorAchievement:TheAdventuresofTomSawyeranditssequel,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn（thelatteroftencalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.）Rank:“ThetruefatherofAmericannationalliterature.””ThegreatestAmericanhumoristofhisage”BRIEFINTRODUCTIONFamilybackgroundBirthplace:FloridaFamily:aVirginianfamilySibling:Twainwasthesixthofsevenchildren,butonlythreeofhissiblingssurvivedchildhoodFather:alocallawyerMother:aVirginianAge:11----hisfatherdiedAge:15----workedasatypesetterandcontributor(ofarticlesandhumoroussketchesforanewspaperhisbrotherowned)Age:18----workedasaprinterinNewYorkCity(joinedtheprintersunion,andeducatedhimselfinpubliclibrariesintheevenings,findingwiderinformationthanataconventionalschool)LifeexperienceTwainuseddifferentpennamesbeforedecidingon“MarkTwain”.Hesignedhumorousandimaginativesketchesas“Josh”.Additionally,heused“ThomasJeffersonSnodgrass”foraseriesofhumorousletters.HispennameMarkTwaincamefromhisyearsworkingonMississippiriverboats.Twainisanarchaictermfor“two”.MarkTwainmeansthat“Thewateris12feetdeepanditissafetopass”.Lifeexperience(sourceofname)MarkTwainwasoncethepennameofonecaptainIsaiahSellers,whousedtowriterivernewsforNewsOrleansPicayune.OnedayyoungSamuelwrotearudeandcrudesatirewhichwasleveledatCaptainIsaiahSellers.Andinhissatirehemaderudegameofhisreminiscences.ThissatirewaspublishedintheNewOrleansTrueDelta.AndIsaiahSellerswasdeeplywounded.Heneverpublishedanotherparagraphandneverusedhispennamesincethen.Hediedin1869,andSamuelwasveryregretted.Soheusedthepenname“MarkTwain”towrite.Lifeexperience(sourceofname)Throughout1868,TwainandOliviaLangdoncorresponded.Thoughsherejectedhisfirstmarriageproposal,twomonthslater,theywereengaged.Shecamefromawealthybutliberalfamily,andthroughher,hemet,socialists,principledatheistsandactivistsforwomen'srightsandsocialequality,includingHarrietBeecherStowe(hisnext-doorneighborinHartford),FrederickDouglass,andthewriterandutopiansocialistWilliamDeanHowells,whobecamealong-timefriend.Theyhadthreedaughters.WhiletheywerelivinginBuffalo,theirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheriaatage19months.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.Lifeexperience(marriage)Throughout1868,TwainandOliviaLangdoncorresponded.Thoughsherejectedhisfirstmarriageproposal,twomonthslater,theywereengaged.Shecamefromawealthybutliberalfamily,andthroughher,hemet,socialists,principledatheistsandactivistsforwomen'srightsandsocialequality,includingHarrietBeecherStowe(hisnext-doorneighborinHartford),FrederickDouglass,andthewriterandutopiansocialistWilliamDeanHowells,whobecamealong-timefriend.Theyhadthreedaughters.WhiletheywerelivinginBuffalo,theirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheriaatage19months.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.Throughout1868,TwainandOliviaLangdoncorresponded.Thoughsherejectedhisfirstmarriageproposal,twomonthslater,theywereengaged.Shecamefromawealthybutliberalfamily,andthroughher,hemet,socialists,principledatheistsandactivistsforwomen'srightsandsocialequality,includingHarrietBeecherStowe(hisnext-doorneighborinHartford),FrederickDouglass,andthewriterandutopiansocialistWilliamDeanHowells,whobecamealong-timefriend.Theyhadthreedaughters.WhiletheywerelivinginBuffalo,theirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheriaatage19months.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.Inthe1870sand1880s,TwainandhisfamilysummeredatQuarryFarminElmira,thehomeofhiswife'ssister,Susan.Duringhis17yearsinHartford(1874–1891)andover20summersatQuarryFarm,Twainwrotemanyofhisclassic,amongthem).1896:hisdaughter,Susy,diedofmeningitis.1904:Olivia'sdeathin19041909:Jean's(daughter)death.1909:hisclosefriendHenryRogersdiedsuddenly.TwainbeganhisautobiographyintheNorthAmericanReviewApril21,1910:diedofaheartattackinRedding,ConnecticutLIFEEXPERIENCE(LATERLIFEANDDEATH)Twain'sfuneralwasattheOldBrickPresbyterianChurchinNewYork.[66]Heisburiedinhiswife'sfamilyplotatWoodlawnCemeteryinElmira,NewYork.TheLangdonfamilyplotwhereheisburiedismarkedbya12-foot(twofathoms,ormarktwain)monument,placedtherebyhissurvivingdaughter,Clara.LIFEEXPERIENCE(FUNERAL)**Earlyage:activeandhumor*Mid-term:satire(sharperthanJinXingandBaiYansong)*Laterperiod:pessimisticanddesperate*Hisworksalmosttouchuponeveryissueofhistimesuchas