必修二-Unit-3-Computers-(Reading)

人教课标高一必修2Unit3ComputersUnit3Periods1-3Heavy!Difficult!Hard!Tired!Easy!Fast!Free!monitorkeyboardmousespeakermodemscannerprinterUSBflashdiskharddiskLabeleachpart.124356monitorscreenCD-ROMmousekeyboardharddisk1.Lookatthesepictures.Inpairsdiscusswhattheyhaveincommon.2.Whatdotheytellyouaboutthedevelopmentofcomputers?3.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethenextdevelopment?What’snext?Howdidcomputerchangeinitssize,intelligence,speed,function?Andhowaboutpeople’sopinion?Size:Intelligence:Speed:Function:People’sopinion:smallerquickerclevererdealingwith…,communicatingwith…clever&usefulcalculatingsimple-mindedpalmtopsmallerdesktopconvenientlaptopWorkinpairs.Trytoputtheseinventionsinanorderaccordingtothetimewhentheyappeared.Thenreadthepassagequicklyandchecktoseeifyouwereright.()analyticalmachine()laptop()calculatingmachine()robot()PC()universalmachine251643WHOAMI?OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.IbeganasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.AlthoughIwasyoungIcouldsimplifydifficultsums.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.AfterIwasprogrammedbyanoperatorwhousedcardswithholes,Icould“think”logicallyandproduceananswerquickerthananyperson.Atthattimeitwasconsideredatechnologicalrevolutionandthestartofmy“artificialintelligence”.In1936myrealfather,AlanTuring,wroteabookabouthowIcouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblem.Fromthenon,Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandinbrainpower.Bythe1949sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom,andIwonderedifIwouldgrowanylarger.However,thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners.Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Thesechangesonlybecamepossibleasmymemoryimproved.Firstitwasstoredintubes,thenontransistorsandlateronverysmallchips.AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.AsIhavegrownolderIhavealsogrownsmaller.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn’tbelieveit!ButIwasalwayssolonelystandingtherebymyself,untilinearly1960stheygavemeafamilyconnectedbyanetwork.IwasabletosharemyknowledgewithothersthroughtheWorldWideWeb.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavebecomeveryimportantincommunication,financeandtrade.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.IamnowtrulyfilledwithhappinessthatIamadevotedfriendandhelperofthehumanrace!我是谁？经过一段时间我已经被改变了很多。1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。那时这被当做是一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。到20世纪40年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道是否还会长得更大。但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自20世纪70年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。这些变化只有随着我的存储能力的不断提高才成为可能。最初是被存储到电子管中，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。随着我年龄越来越大，我也变得越来越小。随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。我在通讯、金融和商业领域变得非常重要。我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动电话，并且用来帮助做医疗手术。我还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友和助手！1.Whoisthespeakerinthisstory?Acomputer.2.Writedownthreesentencesfromthestorytosupportyouridea.①IwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.②Myrealfather,AlanTuring,…③Iwasalwayslonelystandingtherebymyself,untilintheearly1960stheygavemeafamilyconnectedbyanetwork.AlanTuringCharlesBabbageTwoimportantpersonsconnectedwiththecomputerDescribethemainideaofthepassageusingabout30words.Thisisaself-introductionofthecomputer,tellingusitsownhistory,frombirthtothepresentsituation.Itsurelywillplayamoreimportantpartinthesociety.ReadthetextandtrytotellifthesesentencesareTrue(T)orFalse(F).()1.CharlesBabbagebuiltacalculatingmachinetosimplifydifficultsums.()2.Thecomputerhasbecomesmallerandsmallersinceitsbirth.()3.Thecomputerchangeditsshapeasitsmemoryimproved.()4.Beforethe1960s,thecomputerwasabletoshareitsinformationwithitsfamilymembers.()5.Withthehelpofthecomputer,humanscanlivealifeofhighquality.FFTFT1.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Thefunctionsofthecomputer.B.Thedevelopmentofthecomputer.C.Thefieldsthecomputerisusedin.D.Thepartsofthecomputer.2.Whowasthefirstpersontomaketheearliestcomputer?A.AlanTuring.B.CharlesBabbage.C.CharlesTuring.D.AlanBabbage.3.Whenwasthecomputerthebiggest?A.In1642.B.In1936.C.Inthe1940s.D.Inthe1970s.4.Accordingtothetext,thecomputerhasgrownsmallermainlybecause___.A.itusesgoodmaterialB.itwastoolargeinthepastC.itsmemoryhasimprovedalotD.thereislessroomontheearth5.Whichofthefollowingisintherightorderoftime?a.Thecomputerwasconnectedwithothercomputers.b.AlanTuringwroteabookaboutthecomputer.c.ThecomputerhasbeensenttoexploretheMoonandMars.d.Thecomputerbegantosimplifydifficultsums.A.a.b.c.d.B.b.c.a.d.C.d.a.c.b.D.d.b.a.c.Thesechangesonlybecamepossibleasmymemoryimproved.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfou