燃气报警系统总体设计

燃气报警系统总体设计燃气报警系统总体设计摘要随着燃气的大量使用,每一座居民大楼都被燃气所“笼罩”。燃气的普及给公共生活带来了方便,减少了城市的污染,提高了生活质量和效率,但是同时,燃气也是潜在的“危险品”,一旦发生大面积泄漏,处置不及时就可能引发大爆炸,给居民的生命财产安全带来巨大的威胁。面对燃气泄漏而造成的种种事故威胁，我们需要一个解决办法。使用燃气报警器是对付燃气无形杀手的重要手段之一。本设计以半导体气敏传感器和单片机技术为核心设计的气体报警器可实现声光报警功能，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的气体报警器，具有一定的实用价值。其中选用了89C51为报警器的核心部件，对燃气报警器进行控制。通过同步串行通信的接口芯片对燃气进行检测，将所得的浓度值与设定浓度值相比较得到偏差。通过对偏差信号的处理获得控制信号，发生报警信号，并把报警通道显示并储存在LED数码管显示器中，八个单元的燃气浓度对应模拟量利用A/D转换为数字量，并加入了键盘输入控制，从而实现对家用和工业燃气漏气的监控。整个系统的硬件电路设计合理，性能安全可靠。关键词：单片机；报警器；串行总线Designofthecoalgas’alarmdeviceABSTRACTWiththewideuseofnaturalgas,eacharesidentialtowersweregasenveloped.Thepopularityofnaturalgastopubliclifebroughtconvenient,reducethecity'spollutionandimprovethelifequalityandefficiency,butatthesametime,naturalgasisalsopotentialdangerous,onceproducelargeleak,disposalnottimelycouldtrigger,thebigbangtopeople'slifeandpropertysafetybroughtgreatthreat.Facingthegasleakallkindsofaccidentscausedbythreats,weneedasolution.Useofnaturalgasalarmisdealwithgasinvisiblekilleroneoftheimportantmeans.Thispaperstothesemiconductorgassensorsandsinglechipmicrocomputerasthecoredesigncanrealizethegasalarmsound-lightalarmfunctions,isakindofsimplestructure,stableperformance,easytouse,inexpensiveandintelligentgasalarm,hascertainpracticalvalue.Amongthemchoosethe89C51SCMasthemostimportantcontrollerofalarm.Itisacore-componentsthatcontrolthewholeprogramsandcircuitofthecoalgasalarm’device.Theappliancemonitorsthedensityofcoalgaswiththeinterfacechipofsynchronousserialcommunicationandcomparesthecurrentdensitywiththesettingdensity.WegetthecontrolsignalthroughthedealingwiththedeviationsignalandthensentaalarmsignalthatismemoriedinaLEDdigitaltubedisplay.TheanalogsignalofeightdensitiesofthecoalgasaretransformedintothedigitalsignalwiththeA/Dconverter,inadditionwhichiscotrolledwiththekeyboard.Wecanmonitortheleakofcoalgasinthehouseorindusty.Thehardwaredesignofcircuitsisreasonableandtheperformanceofthecoalgasalarm’sdeviceissafeandreliable.Keywords:SCM;Alarm’device;SerialBus目录第一章绪论····························································································11.1研究背景······························································································11.2研究目的······························································································11.3研究内容······························································································2第二章燃气报警器总体方案设计····························································42.1燃气报警系统原理··················································································42.2燃气报警器设计思路···············································································42.3燃气报警系统设计··················································································52.4单片机应用系统设计···············································································52.5燃气报警器总体方案设计········································································6第三章燃气报警器硬件系统设计····························································93.189C51单片机介绍··················································································93.2基于89C51的电子钟的设计·····································································93.3X5045看门狗定时器·············································································113.4人机对话设计······················································································11第四章软件系统设计············································································134.1程序框图····························································································134.2主程序编程·························································································144.3串行总线技术······················································································16第五章系统仿真调试············································································195.1Keil集成开发软件介绍··········································································195.2KeilC51开发环境·················································································205.3调试过程····························································································20参考文献·································································································23谢辞·································································································241第一章绪论1.1研究背景燃气报警器是微机控制的安全报警设备，它广泛用于石油、化工、冶金、矿井、油气库、燃气生产工厂等部门，也可以用于饭店、餐饮行业、居民住宅厨房等处。它用来对现场空气中泄漏的可燃气体（如石油挥发气体、天然气、煤制气、液化气等）进行浓度的检测和显示。当空气中所含的可燃气体的百分比浓度值达到某一设定值时，即超过预定的报警点时，该报警器自动发出声光报警信号，提示值班人员采取必要的安全措施。它也可以通过继电器等输出控制信号，以便能够自动开启安全装置（如排风设备、关断阀门等）。该设备可以通过通信口和上位计算机连接，构成功能强大的计算机控制系统。在社会信息化进程日益发展的今天，信息技术应用己渗透到人类生存、活动的各个领域，在建筑领域，人们的现代生活、工作对居住要求舒适健康、安全可靠、高效便利。这时候气体燃料的应用也越来越广泛。目前家用煤气，液化器、天然气作为气体燃料，已用与家庭旅馆，深入人民的生活之中。气体燃料的应用和普及，伴之而来的是气体泄漏造成的中毒、爆炸、火灾等事故也时有发生。其中由于一氧化碳泄漏中毒死亡尤为严重。众多周知由于CO与血液中的血红素的结合能力是氧的240倍,因此,当它进入人体血液循环系统后,就会大量取代氧而与血红素结合,抑制血液中氧气的释放,从而导致发生头痛、耳鸣、呕吐、血压降低等不同程度的症状发生。如果CO中毒严重,轻者于康复过程中可能会头昏眼花、丧失记忆或引起视觉及神经上的障碍,严重者会导致脑部受损甚至发生死亡。这就对燃气自动报警的器的设计更加迫切。为了预防燃气的泄漏，人们采用了各种措施