简论缅甸-迈达-族群的形成

《》201132011－07－151987～1984～。“211”“‘’Mainghta”C95XL/2008．V．4。①2008。②“”“”、。“”121．5102752．65009119“”Maingtha。“”。K308．337A1674—6392201103—0067—0519、。。。“”。、“”①、。②MongHsa4．35。“”Maingtha。、、4。1“”“”。“”“”“”“”。“Maingtha”MongHas“”。《》“。”2P3901885761886“”。“。。”2P618“Maingtha”。“”“”“。。。”3P44“。……124。。”2P15。Turengs。“”Tarengs“。。……Turengs、。SingphoShans。。”2P390“。”4P72“”《》“”。”3P44《》“”“”“”“”“”。“”、Atsi。、“”“”“”。“、”5。。“、、”。6P50“。”7“‘’。。”8。1981。“49”。9P64、、。1922“”、、①5000。5“”。10P2886①。。1920。10P28《》22。1981。《》“1920……1920。”11《》“”。。“”。111920“。”“”。10P28“”。11。19584453900～1200600。。。19586051。12。·R·“19。”“。”13P224《》、、、、、、、、。14P236。1932。“”。14P359。1890。《》“1890”2P15。1885。“、……124。”2P15“。”15。1953、、、57～7630%～50%。11、“202．535270”。“。”11“、、、、、。……20096。”16P92～93“。”17。。“”。17。“。、、。。。”15。。。1984。43173。439192。43。19275、78、26、1、1、1139%、41%80%。。2080“”、。“”。。。、“”“”Maingtha“”MongHas。“”。。“”“”。“”。“”。“”、。。“”“”。“”。。·《》“……。”18P41“”“。”2P15“……07Szi、MaruLa－hsiKachins。”2P618·。18P53。20“”“”。“”。“”“”。1．J．20074．2J．GeorgeScott．GazetteerofUpperBurmaandtheShanStatesPartIVolIM．TheSuperintendentGovernmentPrintingRangoonBurma1900．3C．C．Lowis．TheTribesofBurmaM．OfficeoftheSuperin-tendentGovernmentPrintingRangoonBurma1910．4TwentiethCenturyImpressionsofBurmaM．Lloyd＇sGrerterBritainPublishingCompanyLtd1910．5M．1923．6．M．1989．7．J．19381．8．———J．194418．9．M．1993．10··J．．11A．．·C．1983．12．1958M．11118．13E．R．Leach．PoliticalSystemsofHighlandBurmaJ．theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience1968．14．M．1997．15．J．19397．16．M．2002．17．J．194112．18·R·．．M．2010．1712ReligiousCultureConstructioninGatewayStrategyofChina'sOpeningtoSouthwestNAWen－hui·61·AbstractTheYunnanGatewayconstructionisacomprehensiveconstructionwhichconsistsofsocialeconomicinstitutionalculturalconstructionsYunnan'sopeninguptotheSoutheastAsiaandSouthAsiaandeventheworldisall－aroundwidefieldhighlevelandhighefficiency．Withmultitudinousethnicanddiverseandrichreligiousandethnicculturestheconstructionofethniccultureincludingreligiouscultureconstructionbecameacrucialpartofgatewaystrategy．Thereforeitisimportanttofurtherimprovereligiouscultureconstructionfullymobilizeanddevelopalltheso-cialforcesindifferentlevelsandethicgroupstoaccomplishthestrategicgoalofgatewayopeningtothesouthwestthougheffortalltogether．KeywordsGatewayEthniccultureReligiousculture13OhtheFormationoftheMaingthaPeopleinMyanmarYAOYongandYAOPeng·67·AbstractAttheendofthe19thcenturyafterBritainoccupiedBurmamanypeopleofAchangethnicgrouplivinginHusaofDehongAutonomousPrefectureinYunanProvincewenttoBurmalookingforworkortrade．TheywerecommonlycalledMaingthabytheBurmese．AstheeconomyboomedmanyofthemsettledinBurmaandthepopulationsizereachedthepeakintheperiodofRepublicanChina．TheyandtheirdescendentshaveformedtheMaingthainMyanmar．KeywordsMaingthaMyanmarAchangEconomicactivities14TheRevolutionof1911andVietnamFANHong－gui·72·AbstractTherevolutionof1911happenedinChinainearly20thcenturyisacrucialeventwhichhadasignifi-cantinfluenceonhistoryofAsiaaswellastheworlditpromoteddirectlytheprocessofdemocraticrevolutionofAsiacountriesanddrewbackprologueof“TheAwakeningofAsia”．InVietnampeoplewithloftyidealsengagedintherev-olutionorgiveahandtoitortoactivelystriveforthesupportfromChineserevolutionaryforVietnamdemocraticrevo-lution．Whatismoreimportantistherevolutionof1911awakenedthedemocraticthoughtofVietnamsuccessfullyandpromotedtheprogressofVietnamdemocraticrevolution．KeywordsTherevolutionof1911VietnamPhanBoiChauHoChiMinh15AnExplorationonOverseasChineseRepatriationtoSingaporeandMalayaaftertheWorldWarIIGAOWei－nongandKOUHai－yang·77·AbstractDuringtheAnti－JapaneseWarinChinaalargenumberofoverseasChinesefromSingaporeandMalayacametoChinaforresistingJapanesemovement．MeanwhilealargenumberofChineserefugeesfromSingaporeandMa-layaalsocametoChinainordertoavoidthewar．AftertheWorldWarIIallofwhomwereeagertoreturntotheorigi-nalresidenceforrevivingtheirpossessions．UnderthecomplexinternationalanddomesticsituationtheGuomindangGovernmentstillactivelymademeasuresfortheorderingrepatriattionoftheoverseasChinesetoSingaporeandMalayaandfinallytheworkcompletedsuccessfully．KeywordsSingapore＆MalayaOverseasChineseMachinistsOverseasChineseRefugeeResidingintheoriginal16IndianBuddhistVajrayana'sEighty－fourSiddhasXUEKe－qiao·82·AbstractThispaperfirstfollowswiththedevelopmentofthesituationofIndianBuddhistVajrayanaandthenin-troducesthesituationofcollectioncollationandresearchoftheliteratureontheeighty－foursiddhasinIndianacadmiccircles．Finallyreviewstheinfluenceofsiddha'sthoughtandliteratureonlatergenerations．KeywordsIndianTantrismEsotericBuddhismVajrayanaSiddha17TheLinguisticCharacteristicsofIndianEnglishCHENYi－hua·87·AbstractIndianEnglishformsitsuniquesystemintheuseoffourhundredyears．Theessaydiscussesthebasiccharacteristicsfromdifferentperspectivesoflinguistics．IndiaEnglishhasnotonlyreceivedtheinfluenceoftheHindilanguagebutalsoshowedsomedifferentcharacteristicsfromtheAmericanandBritishEnglishinthepronunciationlexicologysyntaxvocabularyformtakesonadifferentfromtheAmericanandBritishEnglishcharacteristics．KeywordsIndianEnglishLinguisticscharacteristics49