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TheBirthofTragedyOutoftheSpiritofMusicFriedrichNietzscheAboutFriedrichNietzscheAboutthisbookThebirthoftragedyDualityoftheApollonianandtheDionysian(1844.10.15~1900.8.25)Youth•1844.10.15BorninthesmalltownofRöcken,inthePrussianProvinceofSaxony.•Father:CarlLudwigNietzsche(1813–1849)Mother:FranziskaOehler(1826–1897)Sister:ElisabethFörster-Nietzsche(1846–1935)Brother:LudwigJoseph(1848–1850).•1858—1864StudyinSchulpforta•HerehebecamefriendswithPaulDeussenandCarlvonGersdorff.Healsofoundtimetoworkonpoemsandmusicalcompositions.AtSchulpforta,Nietzschereceivedanimportantintroductiontoliterature,particularlythatoftheancientGreeksandRomans.•1864CommencedstudiesintheologyandclassicalphilologyattheUniversityofBonn.•Afteronesemester(andtotheangerofhismother)hestoppedhistheologicalstudiesandlosthisfaith.•NietzschethenconcentratedonstudyingphilologyunderProfessorFriedrichWilhelmRitschl,whomhefollowedtotheUniversityofLeipzigthenextyear.•1865ThoroughlystudiedtheworksofArthurSchopenhauer.•HeowedtheawakeningofhisphilosophicalinteresttoreadinghisDieWeltalsWilleundVorstellung(TheWorldasWillandRepresentation)•1866ReadFriedrichAlbertLange'sHistoryofMaterialism.•Lange'sdescriptionsofKant'santi-materialisticphilosophy,theriseofEuropeanMaterialism,Europe'sincreasedconcernwithscience,Darwin'stheory,andthegeneralrebellionagainsttraditionandauthoritygreatlyintriguedNietzsche.Theculturalenvironmentencouragedhimtoexpandhishorizonsbeyondphilologyandtocontinuehisstudyofphilosophy.•1867SignedupforoneyearofvoluntaryservicewiththePrussianartillerydivisioninNaumburg.•However,aridingaccidentinMarch1868lefthimunfitforservice.ConsequentlyNietzscheturnedhisattentiontohisstudiesagain,completingthemandfirstmeetingwithRichardWagnerlaterthatyear.•ProfessoratBasel(1869–1879)•InpartbecauseofRitschl'ssupport,NietzschereceivedaremarkableoffertobecomeprofessorofclassicalphilologyattheUniversityofBasel.•BeforemovingtoBasel,NietzscherenouncedhisPrussiancitizenship:fortherestofhislifeheremainedofficiallystateless.•1872Publishedhisfirstbook,TheBirthofTragedy.•1879Afterasignificantdeclineinhealth,resignedhispositionatBasel.Independentphilosopher(1879–1888)•1878Human,AllTooHuman•Withthepublicationin1878ofHuman,AllTooHuman,Nietzsche'sreactionagainstthepessimisticphilosophyofWagnerandSchopenhauerbecameevident•1882PublishedthefirstpartofTheGayScience.•ThatyearhealsometLouAndreasSalomé,throughMalwidavonMeysenbugandPaulRée.Saloméreportsthatheaskedhertomarryhimandthatsherefused,thoughthereliabilityofherreportsofeventshascomeintoquestion.Nietzsche'srelationshipwithRéeandSalomébrokeupinthewinterof1882/1883,partiallybecauseofintriguesconductedbyNietzsche'ssisterElisabeth.Amidstrenewedboutsofillness,livinginnearisolationafterafalling-outwithhismotherandsisterregardingSalomé,NietzschefledtoRapallo.HerehewrotethefirstpartofThusSpokeZarathustrainonlytendays.Mentalbreakdownanddeath(1889–1900)•1889.1.3Nietzschesufferedamentalcollapse.•OverbecktraveledtoTurinandbroughtNietzschetoapsychiatricclinicinBasel.BythattimeNietzscheappearedfullyinthegripofaseriousmentalillness,andhismotherFranziskadecidedtotransferhimtoaclinicinJenaunderthedirectionofOttoBinswanger.•1890.3FranziskaremovedNietzschefromtheclinic,andinMay1890broughthimtoherhomeinNaumburg.•AfterthedeathofFranziskain1897,NietzschelivedinWeimar,whereElisabethcaredforhimandallowedpeopletovisitheruncommunicativebrother.•1898and1899Nietzschesufferedatleasttwostrokes,whichpartiallyparalysedhimandlefthimunabletospeakorwalk.•1900.8.25die悲剧的诞生•《悲剧的诞生》是尼采第一部正式出版的著作,发表于1872年1月•耗时三年精心准备,但是却反响极其恶劣•原因:脱离古典语文学者对古希腊罗马文献进行学术考订和诠释的专业轨道,对希腊精神进行哲学的阐释DieGeburtderTragödieausdemGeistederMusik•古典研究学领域著作?美学著作?哲学著作?•《悲剧的诞生》一书的最独特之处是对古希腊酒神现象的极端重视。这种现象基本上靠民间口头秘传,缺乏文字资料,一向为正宗的古典学术所不屑。尼采却立足于这种不登大雅之堂的现象,把它当作理解高雅的希腊悲剧、希腊艺术、希腊精神的钥匙。甚至从中提升出了一种哲学。•仅仅把这本书看成一部美学著作肯定是不够的。书中显然存在两个层次,后者是前者的动机和谜底:1.表层:对希腊艺术的美学讨论2.深层:关于生命意义的形而上学的思考•书的主题:•1生命意义的解释2现代文化的批判来。•与其后期思想联系:1.从热情肯定生命意志的酒神哲学中发展出了权力意志理论和超人学说2.对苏格拉底主义的批判扩展和深化成了两千年以来对柏拉图的世界二分模式为范型的欧洲整个传统形而上学的批判,对基督教道德的批判,以及对一切价值的重估。“《悲剧的诞生》是我的第一个一切价值的重估:我借此又回到了我的愿望和我的能力由之生长的土地上。”——尼采《我感谢古人什么》•这部著作应该被看成是他一生主要哲学思想的诞生地,从中能发现帮助我们正确解读他后期哲学的密码。二元艺术冲动1—3dualityoftheApollonianandDionysian斗争和解4strifereconciliation悲剧的本质与诞生5—8structureCDualityoftheApollonianandtheDionysianApolloDionysusthebeautifulappearanceoftheinnerfantasyworldrisingupoutofthecollapseoftheprincipiumindividuationisfromtheinnermostdepthsofahumanbeing自然的冲动dreamintoxication世界的二元架构ideawill艺术形式ThevisualartThenon-visualartofmusicCDualityoftheApollonianandtheDionysianApolloderScheinende→ScheinDionysusthebeautifulappearanceoftheinnerfantasyworldrisingupoutofthecollapseoftheprincipiumindividuationisfromtheinnermostdepthsofahumanbeing,indeed,fromtheinnermostdepthsofnature•Continuingstrifeandonlyperiodicallyoccurringreconciliation•Thesetwoverydifferentdrivesgohandinhand,forthemostpartinopenconflictwitheachotherandsimultaneouslyprovokingeachotherallthetimetonewandmorepowerfuloffspring,inordertoperpetuateinthemthecontestofthatopposition…DualityoftheApollonianandtheDionysianApolloDionysus自
本文标题:二元艺术冲动1—3dualityoftheApollonianandDionysian斗争和解4
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