高考冠词用法及练习题和答案

..冠词用法一.冠词的基本用法㈠不定冠词（a/an）的基本用法1.与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。--Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightoverthekeyboard.--Youshouldn’tputdrinksnearacomputer.2.泛指某人或某物,表示“某一个”,相当于acertain。--Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?--Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn’taMr.Smithhere.3.用于数量、时间等名词前,表示“每一（单位）的……”。Iearn10dollarsanhourasasupermarketcashieronSaturdays.4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词,使之意义具体化,表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,anhonour指一件荣誉的事)㈡定冠词(the)的基本用法1.用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。Ofallthereasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather’sadvicewasthemostimportantone.2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。Don’tworryifyoucan’tcometotheparty.I’llsavesomecakeforyou.3.复述上文中提到的事物。Thereisashelfinmyfather’sroom.Theshelfisnew.4.用于单数可数名词之前,表示该类事物,相当于a。Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgotothehotel;Icanfindyouabedinmyflat.5.序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词the。Thecakesaredelicious.He’dliketohaveathirdonebecausethesecondoneisrathertoosmall.6.用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。theSmiths7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等名称前。AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestopreventthespreadofAIDS.9.在某些形容词之前,可表示某一类人。therich,thepoor,theold,thewounded,theliving,thedead..㈢零冠词(无冠词)情况：1.人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。WangFuJingStreet,PeiHaiPark北海公园,BeijingUniversity但也可说theUniversityofBeijing。2.抽象名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhaveabetterunderstandingoflife.3.物质名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。Thewarmthofthesweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortofwoolused.4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前,常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时,加the。WewillelectengineerLiudirectorofourfactory.类似的名词还有：president,monitor,headmaster,mayor等。5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前,不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。Children’sDay,Women’sDay,MayDaytheSpringFestival。6.man作“人类”讲时,同human,mankind一样不用冠词。Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmadeadiscovery,whichcompletelychangedman’sunderstandingofcolor.7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。Itisoftensaidthatteachershaveaveryeasylife.二.冠词的语义分析（根据语境判断特指与泛指）泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念,在英语中广泛使用。“泛指”是指普遍、不确定的人或事物,而“特指”则是指具体、特定的人或事物。泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网,而后者旨在重点培养。具体来讲,其两者区别如下：1.泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。Aboyisplayingbasketball.（泛指）Doyouliketheboywhoareplayingbasketball?（特指）2.泛指：一般的指,是和“特指”相对的；特指：是专门的指,和“泛指”相对。Ihaveacar.（泛指）Thecarisred.（特指）3.泛指：无特别指定对象,是和“特指”相对的；特指：有特别指定对象,和“泛指”相对。Mymotherworksinahospital.（泛指）Thehospitalwheremymotherworksisinthecenterofthecity.（特指）三.冠词的固定搭配㈠单一固定词组中冠词的使用1.不定冠词固定词组givesb.aride顺便带某人一程acoupleof几个haveagoodtime过得很愉快keepadiary写日记inahurry急忙地onceinawhile偶尔地tellalie说谎dosb.afavor帮某人的忙givesb.ahand帮…忙onceuponatime从前allofasudden突然地asamatteroffact事实上..asaresult(of)作为(……)的结果inaword总而言之haveawordwith与……说句话have/takealook(at)看一看have/takearest休息一下putanendto结束2.定冠词固定词组playthepiano弹钢琴thewhole整个thesame同样的gotothecinema去看电影3.零冠词固定词组onfoot步行bytrain/boat/plane乘火车/船/飞机infact事实上inclass在上课inchurch在教堂indanger在危险中inhospital在医院inbed在床上athome在家atschool在学校atnight在晚上atnoon在中午gotobed去睡觉gotocollege上大学playchess下棋havelunch吃午餐gotoschool去上学playbasketball打篮球㈡用与不用冠词的对比差异inhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院里gotosea出海gotothesea去海边onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上,在世上infrontof在……(外部的)前面inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面takeplace发生taketheplace(of)代替attable进餐atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船bythesea在海边infuture从今以后inthefuture未来outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能的,办不到的【例题精讲】（2011山东卷,21﹚Takeyourtime—it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.A.不填；theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填；a（2011全国卷,33﹚Itisgenerallyacceptedthatboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填（2011全国卷II,16﹚Ashereachedfrontdoor,Jacksawstrangesight.A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a（2011四川卷,18﹚Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”..A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;Apleasure。（2010山东﹚Ifwesitnear_______frontofthebus,we’llhave_______betterview.A.不填；theB.不填；aC.the;aD.the；the（2010辽宁﹚Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsin______space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto_______earth.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the（2010北京﹚Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget_____secondchancetomake_____firstimpression.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a（2010浙江﹚Manylifestylepatternsdosuchgreatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedupweakeningofthehumanbody.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/（（2009江西﹚Somepeoplefearthat________airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin_______weatheraroundtheworld.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a（2009海南﹚Let’sgotocinema-that’lltakeyourmindofftheproblemforwhileA.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a（2009陕西﹚What___pitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceive___prize!A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the2009四川﹚Inordertofind_______betterjob,hedecidedtostudy________secondforeignlanguage.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the（2008湖南﹚Haveyouheard______news？Thepieceof_______petrolisgoingupagain!A.the,theB.不填,theC.the,不填D.不填,不填（2008江苏﹚Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.A.the;theB.不填；theC.the;不填D.不填；不填（2008山东﹚Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse______Internetas______resource.A.不填；aB.不填;theC.the;theD.th