工程科技人才——CDIO工程教育改革的人才理念和培养模

©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:CDIO,MIT-MIT,MITGordon,,1/3,,,,,,,,,,,,,(MIT)CDIO,,,,,CDIO,,,,3040%20061341724,377470835.5%;1992426,92©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1],,,,,;;,;;,,,,,,,,,:,,CDIO,CDIO(Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate)4,(Con2ceive)(Design)(Implement)(Op2erate),CDIOCDIO,C-D-I-O,,,,,,[2]CDIO,,,,,,,[3];,[4],,,,,,,,,,;,,[5](1)1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0320095©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,[6],,[7]1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[8],,[9],,,,,,,[10],,,,,,,:,,[11];,,,[12][13],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,13©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:[14],,,,CDIO1CDIOCDIO,CDIO,30CDIO,CDIO,,,,CDIO,,,CDIO(2),:,,2CDIO[15][16],,:,,,,(,,)(),,,CDIO,CDIO,,[17],,,,,,,,CDIO,,,,,CDIO,,,2320095©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[18](2),,212345,,6CDIO,,,,,,,,,,[19]CDIO,,,:,,,[20],,,,,,,,C-D-I-O,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,IT[21],,,,,,,,,,,,33©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(I)(O),,(C)(D)CDIO,,,,,,,[1]2006,http:[2][13][15][16]Crawley,E.F.,Malmqvist,J.,Ostlund,S.,&Brodeur,D.R.,RethinkingEngineeringEducation:TheCDIOAp2proach,Springer,NewYork,2007,p2,694,51,257.[3][8][10][11]Ericsson,K.A.2006..AnIntroductiontoCambridgeHandbookofexpertiseandExpertPerformance:ItsDevelopment,Organization,andContent.InTheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandPerformance.editedbyEd.Ericsson,K.A.,N.Charness,P.J.Feltovich,R.R.Hoffman,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cam2bridge,U.K.,Chapter1,p319,3,689.[4]Connell,M.W.,K.Sheridan,andH.Gardner.2003.OnAbili2tiesandDomains.InThePsychologyofAbilities,Competencies,andExpertise,editedbyR.J.SternbergandE.L.Grigorenko,Cam2bridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,Chapter5,p126-155.[5]Chi,M.T.H.2007.TwoApproachestotheStudyofExpertsChar2acteristics,inTheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandPerfor2mance,editedbyEd.Ericsson,K.A.,N.Charness,P.J.Fel2tovich,R.R.Hoffman,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,Chapter2.[6]Mayer,R.E.2003.WhatCausesIndividualDifferencesinCognitivePerformance?InThePsychologyofAbilities,Competencies,andEx2pertise,editedbyR.J.SternbergandE.L.Grigorenko,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,Chapter10,p265.[7]Feltovich,P.J.,M.J.Prietula,andK.A.Ericsson.2006.Stud2iesofExpertisefromPsychologicalPerspectives.InTheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandPerformance,editedbyEd.Ericsson,K.A.,N.Charness,P.J.Feltovich,R.R.Hoffman,CambridgeU2niversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,Chapter4,p47.[9]AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,SocietyPolicyEthic,Re2visedonNovember5,2006,http:files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Governance/3675.pdf[12]Weisberg,R.W.2006,ModesofExpertiseinCreativeThinking,inTheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandPerformance,editedbyEd.Ericsson,K.A.,N.Charness,P.J.Feltovich,R.R.Hoff2man,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,U.K.,Chapter42,p761-787.[14]Chi,M.T.H.2005.LaboratoryMethodsforAssessingExpertsandNovicesKnowledge.inTheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandPerformance,editedbyEd.Ericsson,K.A.,N.Charness,P.J.Feltovich,R.R.Hoffman,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cam2bridge,U.K.,Chapter10,167-184.4320095©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[17]Crawley,E.F.,,Malmqvist,J.,Brodeur,D.R.,,20084[18]WarrenSeering,RedefiningEngineering,MITFacultyNewsletter,2003.[19][20][21]:2008CultivatingInnovative,Multi2levelandProfessionalEngineeringPersonnelLeiHuan,TangWeiyi,EdwardF.CrawleyHigherengineeringeducationplaysakeyroleincultivatingandinenhancingcompetitivenessinengineeringfield.Chinanowisonthewayofconstructingitselfaninnovativeoneandtakinganewroadtoindustrialization.Underthisbackground,itisofstrategicsignificancetocultivatealargenumberofinnovative,multi2levelandpro2fessionalengineeringpersonnel.Thisresearchanalyzesthedefinition,characteristicsanddrawbacksofprofessionaltalentsandsummarizestheregularitiesintheprocessofcultivatingengineeringpersonnel,itarguesthattheprocessshouldbeprofessional,multi2level,social,long2termandfluid.Basedonthistheoreticalframework,andthetalentconceptoftheCDIOmodelcreatedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inknowledge,techniquesandpractice,thepaperpointsouttheproblemsinthecultivationofengineeringqualifiedscientistsandtechniciansandcorrespondinglyputsforwardsomeusefulsuggestions.Italsoholdsthatthecultivationofqualifiedengineeringtalentsneedsall2aroundintegrativeeffortsfromuniversities,governmentandindustrysoastoenrichresources,opti2mizeeducationprocessandimprovethequalityofChinasengineeringandtechnologyexperts.(10)ReemphasisontheImportanceofMechanicalInnovationDesignCompetitionTheceleb