材料专业常用术语英语单词表

Unit1property（材料的）性质heattreatment热处理metal金属glass玻璃plastics塑料fiber纤维electronicdevices电子器件component组元，组分semiconductingmaterials半导体材料materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程materialsscience材料科学materialsengineering材料工程materialsscientist材料科学家materialsengineer材料工程师synthesize合成synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亚原子结构electron电子atom原子nuclei原子核nucleusmolecule分子microscopic微观的microscope显微镜nakedeye裸眼macroscopic宏观的specimen试样deformation变形polished抛光的reflect反射magnitude量级solidmaterials固体材料mechanicalproperties力学性质load载荷force力elasticmodulus弹性模量strength强度electricalproperties电学性质electricalconductivity导电性dielectricconstant介电常数electricfield电场thermalbehavior热学行为heatcapacity热容thermalconductivity热传导（导热性）magneticproperties磁学性质magneticfield磁场opticalproperties光学性质electromagneticradiation电磁辐射lightradiation光辐射indexofrefraction折射率reflectivity反射率deteriorativecharacteristics劣化特性processing加工performance性能linear线性的integratedcircuitchip集成电路芯片strength强度ductility延展性deterioration恶化，劣化mechanicalstrength机械强度elevatedtemperature高温corrosive腐蚀性的fabrication制造Unit2chemicalmakeup化学组成atomicstructure原子结构advancedmaterials先进材料high-technology高技术smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials纳米工程材料metallicmaterials金属材料nonlocalizedelectrons游离电子conductor导体electricity电heat热transparent透明的visiblelight可见光polished抛光的surface表面lustrous有光泽的aluminum铝silicon硅alumina氧化铝silica二氧化硅oxide氧化物carbide碳化物nitride氮化物dioxide二氧化物clayminerals黏土矿物porcelain瓷器cement水泥mechanicalbehavior力学行为ceramicmaterials陶瓷材料stiffness劲度strength强度hard坚硬brittle脆的fracture破裂insulative绝缘的resistant耐……的resistance耐力，阻力，电阻molecularstructures分子结构chain-like链状backbone骨架carbonatoms碳原子lowdensities低密度mechanicalcharacteristics力学特性inert隋性synthetic（人工）合成的fiberglass玻璃纤维polymeric聚合物的epoxy环氧树脂polyester聚酯纤维carbonfiber-reinforcedpolymercomposite碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料glassfiber-reinforcedmaterials玻璃纤维增强材料high-strength,low-densitystructuralmaterials高强度低密度结构材料solarcell太阳能电池hydrogenfuelcell氢燃料电池catalyst催化剂nonrenewableresource不可再生资源Unit3periodictable（元素）周期表atomicstructure原子结构magnetic磁学的optical光学的microstructure微观结构macrostructure宏观结构positivelychargednucleus带正电的原子核atomicnumber原子序数proton质子atomicweight原子量neutron中子negativelychargedelectrons带负电的电子shell壳层magnesium镁chemicalbonds化学键partially-filledelectronshells未满电子壳层bond成键metallicbond金属键nonmetalatoms非金属原子covalentbond共价键ionicbond离子键Unit4physicalproperties物理性质chemicalproperties化学性质flammability易燃性corrosion腐蚀oxidation氧化oxidationresistance抗氧化性vapor(vapour)蒸汽，蒸气，汽melt熔化solidify凝固vaporize汽化，蒸发condense凝聚sublime升华state态plasma等离子体phasetransformationtemperatures相变温度density密度specificgravity比重thermalconductivity热导linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线性热膨胀系数electricalconductivityandresistivity电导和电阻corrosionresistance抗腐蚀性magneticpermeability磁导率phasetransformations相变phasetransitions相变crystalforms晶型meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸腾点vaporpressure蒸气压atm大气压glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化转变温度mass质量volume体积perunitofvolume每单位体积theaccelerationofgravity重力加速度temperaturedependent随温度而变的，与温度有关的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘米kilograms/cubicmeter千克每立方米grams/milliliter克每毫升grams/liter克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方英寸poundspercubicfoot磅每立方英尺alcohol酒精benzene苯magnetize磁化magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticfieldintensity磁场强度constant常数vacuum真空magneticfluxdensity磁通密度diamagnetic反磁性的factor因数paramagnetic顺磁性的ferromagnetic铁磁性的non-ferrousmetals非铁金属，有色金属brass黄铜ferrous含铁的ferrousmetals含铁金属，黑色金属relativepermeability相对磁导率transformer变压器，变换器eddycurrentprobe涡流探针Unit5hardness硬度impactresistance耐冲击性fracturetoughness断裂韧度，断裂韧性structuralmaterials结构材料anisotropic各向异性orientation取向texture织构fiberreinforcement纤维增强longitudinal纵向transversedirection横向shorttransversedirection短横向afunctionoftemperature温度的函数，温度条件roomtemperature室温elongation伸长率tension张力，拉力compression压缩bending弯曲shear剪切torsion扭转staticloading静负荷dynamicloading动态载荷cyclicloading循环载荷，周期载荷cross-sectionalarea横截面stress应力stressdistribution应力分布strain应变engineeringstrain工程应变perpendicular垂直normalaxis垂直轴elasticdeformation弹性形变plasticdeformation塑性形变qualitycontrol质量控制nondestructivetests无损检测tensileproperty抗张性能，拉伸性能Unit6lattice晶格positiveions正离子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons离域电子云ionization电离，离子化metalloid准金属，类金属nonmetal非金属diagonalline对角线polonium钋semi-metal半金属lowerleft左下方upperright右上方conductionband导带valenceband价带electronicstructure电子结构syntheticmaterials（人工）合成材料oxygen氧oxide氧化物rust生锈potassium钾alkalimetals碱金属alkalineearthmetals碱土金属volatile活泼的transitionmetals过渡金属oxidize氧化barrierlayer阻挡层basic碱性的acidic酸性的electrochemicalseries电化序electrochemicalcell电化电池cleave解理，劈开elemental元素的，单质的metallicform金属形态tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶格，密堆积晶格atomicradius原子半径nuclearcharge核电荷numberofbondingorbitals成键轨道数overlapoforbitalenergies轨道能重叠crystalform晶型planesofatoms原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由电子气freeelectronmodel自由电子模型anelectrongas电子气bandstructure能带结构bindingenergy键能positivepotential正势periodicpotential周期性势能bandgap能隙Brillouinzone布里渊区nearly-freeelectronmodel近自由电子模型solidsolution固溶体puremetals纯金属duralumin硬铝，杜拉铝Unit9purification提纯，净化rawmaterials原材料discrete离散的，分散的iodine碘long-chain长链alkane烷烃，链烃oxide氧化物nitride氮化物carbide碳化物diamond金刚石graphite石墨inorganic无机的mixedionic-covalentbonding离子—共价混合键constituentatoms组