雅思考官讲解雅思口语评分标准(英文版)

雅思考官对雅思口语评分标准详解（英文）IELTSSpeakingTestGradingCriteriaIntroductionExaminerslookatfivedifferentthingsinordertodetermineacandidate'sscore:1.Pronunciation2.Grammar3.Vocabulary4.FluencyandCoherenceNoticethatFluencyandCoherencearegroupedtogetheralthoughtheyaredifferentthings.Eachofthesefourcarriesequalvalue.Theexaminergivesyouawhole-numbersub-scoreforeachoftheseandthencalculatestheaverageofthefour.Bothwholenumberandhalfbandscores,suchas6.5aregivenfortheSpeakingtest.NoseparatescoreisgivenforeachofthethreePartsofthetest.WhenIwasanexaminer,Iwrotethefoursub-scoresonapieceofpaperatsometimeduringPart1andthesefourscoreswerechangedupordownasthetestprogressed.Iftheaveragescoreisnotawholenumberora0.5number,forexample,5.5,theexaminergoesdowntothenextwholenumberor0.5number.PronunciationOverall,clearandunderstandablepronunciationisthemainthing.Secondly,thecorrectuseofthefollowingfeatureswilldeterminethepronunciationgrade:basicwordpronunciation;linkedspeechsounds;correctandappropriatesentencestress(i.e.,whichwordorwordsinasentencearestressedmorethanothers);and,appropriateuseofintonation(risingandfalling)toemphasizemeaning.Slightlyinaccurate(=unclear)pronunciationisusuallyunderstandableifthecorrectwordsandgrammarareusedbutslightlyinaccuratepronunciationcombinedwithothererrorscanresultinlanguagethatisnotunderstandableatall.Americanpronunciationisacceptable.GrammarBasicgrammar,especiallytheverbtenses.Knowhowtomakethetensesandusethemcorrectly.Complexsentences:Don'tjustusesimplesentencesallthetime.Instead,oftenusesentencescomposedofpartsthatarejoinedtogetherwithconjunctionsandotherlinkingwords.(ThisisamustforaBand6oraboveinthissub-score.)Complexstructures:Showthatyouhavesomeknowledgeofhigherlevelgrammar.VocabularyShowawiderangeofvocabulary.Usewordssuitably–don'ttrytoimpresswith'impressive'wordsyouarenotsureof.Makesureyoucorrectlypronouncewords–don'tjustlearnthewrittenformofnewwords.FluencySpeed–pushyourselftospeakalittlefasterbutonlyifyourpronunciationisgood.Continuity–avoidunnaturallylongpausesespeciallyinPart2.Smoothness–uselinkedpronunciationandusecontractions.CoherenceExpandyouranswerswithasuitableamountofrelevantextrainformation(detail).Useconnectivestolinksentencesespeciallywhenexpressingmorecomplexideas.(ThisisamustforaBand6oraboveinthissub-score.)Answerquestionsdirectly.Addextrarelevantdetailsinsuitableamountsafterfirstansweringthekeypointofthequestion.Linkyouranswerstothequestionsbyusingthesameverbtense.Trytoensurethatyouranswerstoquestionsaresuitablefortherealmeaningofthequestions.Showknowledgeofthe'shortform'ofanswerfor'Yes/No'questions.1.Pronunciation2.2.GrammarForgrammar,examinersfirstnoticeifcandidatescanmakesentencesusingsimplegrammarcorrectly.Thefrequencyofbasicerrorsiswhatexaminersfirstnotice.Themajorityoftheseerrorsinvolveverbs,especiallyverbtenses.Youshouldespeciallytakecaretoanswerquestionsusingthesameverbtenseasthequestion.Thisisnotjustaquestionofcorrectlyformingverbtensesbutalsoaquestionofwhetheryourchoiceofverbtenseissuitableforwhatyouaretryingtosay.Ofcourse,inadditiontoverbs,therearealsolotsofotherpossiblegrammaticalerrors.Evenacandidatewhogetsan8forgrammarisallowedtomakeaverysmallnumberoferrorsbutmostofthesearemadewhenattemptingtospeakthemorecomplexgrammaticalstructuresandtheseerrorsarenotsobadthatthelistenermisunderstandsthespeaker'smeaning.Ontheotherhand,aBand3candidatemakesfrequentgrammaticalerrors(inalmosteverysentence)atthemostbasiclevel.Theexamineralsoespeciallylookstoseehowoftenandhowwellthecandidatecanmakecomplexsentences.(Acomplexsentenceisasentencethathastwoormoreparts,eachcontainingaverb,thatarejoinedbywordssuchas„and‟,„but‟,„because‟,„although‟,„which‟,„that‟,„who‟etc.)Notethatfrequentlyusing„and‟willnothelpyourscoreforcomplexsentencesverymuchalthoughitisbetterthanalwaysspeakingsimple,shortsentences.COMPLEXSENTENCESISANIMPORTANTCOMPONENTOFTHEGRAMMARSUB-SCOREANDYOUSHOULDSTUDYTHISTOPIC.Youcannotgeta6forgrammarifyoudon'tmakeitobviousthatyoucanspeakusingmanycomplexsentences.Thefollowingisanexampleofacomplexsentenceusingtwojoiningwords(关连词),whichandbecause.“IneedtolearnEnglish,whichisveryimportantbecauseitcanhelpmegetagoodjob.”Belowisadiagramshowingacomplexsentence.ABand4candidaterarelyattemptsacomplexsentence.ABand5candidatetriestomakeonlyafewcomplexsentences,usuallyjustusing„and‟or„but‟asconjunctions.Whentheytrytousemoredifficultjoiningwordsorphrases,theyoftenmakemistakes.ABand6canmakecomplexsentenceswithalimitedrangeofjoiningwordsandphrasesbuttherearestillseveral,butnotsoseriouserrors.ABand7canmakeawiderangeofcomplexsentenceswithonlyafewerrors.AndaBand8makesawiderangeofcomplexsentenceswithalmostnoerrors.Examinersalsolookatthecandidate‟sgrammaticalrange,thatis,whetherthecandidatecanaccuratelyusethemoredifficultgrammar,orcomplexstructuressuchas过去完成式(thepastperfecttense),被动语态(thepassivevoice),情态动词的完成时(perfectmodals),非真实条件句(conditionalsentencesor„if...would‟sentences),and间接引语(reportedspeech).Aswithbasicverbtenses,theissuehereisnotjustthecorrectconstructionofthegrammaticalstructurebuttheappropriateusageo