Grammar-focus-动词不定式

人教版八年级英语当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？同学们自然会想到wanttodosth.,needtodosth.和decidetodosth.等表达方式。主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。一.什么是动词不定式？1.不定式作宾语1)动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,agree,help等。E.g.Manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.许多人决定不去想这件事。Iwanttogotothelibrary.我想去图书馆。二.动词不定式的主要语法功能：动词+todosth.的固定搭配：wanttodosth.decidetodosth.hopetodosth.plantodosth.offertodosth.agreetodosth.learntodosth.asksb.todosth.tellsb.todosth.wantsb.todosth.invitesb.todosth.1.(无锡中考)He’llusewhathehas______heranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought【解析】选B2.(2005武汉)Motherasksme_______computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.A.notplayB.toplayC.nottoplayD.tonotplay【解析】选C(他所拥有的)3.(宿迁中考)---Mum,canIhavesomething_______?---Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_______inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothingelse【解析】选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信息Youcanonlydrinksomewater.可排除C。2)动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有:able,afraid,angry,careful,easy等。如：Iamveryhappytomeetyou.我见到你很高兴。Sheisafraidtowalkatnight.她害怕走夜路。Itiseasytounderstandthecartoon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。3)动词不定式作介词but和except的宾语。在but和except之前有行为动词do(做)或它的其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。如：Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。Ihavenootherwishexcepttopasstheexamination.我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。Hecan’tdoanythingbutwaitformethere.他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。()1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleepCAD[Practice]2.动词不定式做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。1）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求.允许.提议(ask,allow,advise)，期望.邀请.鼓励(expect,invite,encourage)，教导.告诉.想要(teach,tell,want)，等待.希望.愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.2）不带to的不定式作宾补在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词(make,let,have)或感官动词(feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时，不定式需省去to。包括：四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch；三“让”：have,let,make；二“听”：hear,listento；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice如：Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor.我感觉有人开了我的门。Pleaselistentomesingthesongagain.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。Youcan’tlettheboystandinthesun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。Youmustwatchmecarefullydoeverything.你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较：Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她正在唱歌。3）带to或不带to的不定式作宾补动词help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。TheycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.4）不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在todo前加not,构成nottodo的形式。如：Tomtoldmenottotouchanything.Motheraskedusnottomaketoomuchnoise.3.不定式作状语不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。IcametoBeijingtoseemygrandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷。I’mgladtomeetyou！很高兴见到你！I’mtootiredtowalk.我太累了，走不动了。1）目的状语如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。如：Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.Heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enoughto...”结构句中。如：I’mtootiredtodoitwell.Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.()1.Myparentsdidn’tallowme_____totheparty.（2015天津）A.goB.togoC.GoesD.wentB()2.Mr.Smithtoldhisson_____thefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam.（2015呼和浩特）A.nottowatchB.tonotwatchC.notwatchingD.doesn’twatchA()3.—Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?—Shetoldus______makefacesinclass.(2013湖北随州)A.tonotB.nottoC.donotD.didn't()4.Jessica'sparentsalwaysencourageher____________outheropinions.(2013辽宁鞍山)A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.willspeakBC()5.Jack’steacheraskedhim________offthelightsafterclass.(2013四川南充)A.turningB.turnedC.toturnC()6.WhenIwaswalkingpastthewindow,InoticedWangFei_____myhomework.Ireallygot______.(2011山东烟台)A.copying,annoyedB.copying,annoyingC.copy,annoyedD.copied,annoyedA()7.______outyourlove.Theworldwillbecomeanicerplacetolivein.(2012河南)A.SpeakB.TospeakC.SpokeD.Speaking()8.Fatheroftentellsme_____toomuchtimeoncomputergames.(2010河南)A.don’tspendB.notspendC.nottospendD.notspendingCA()9.Driversshouldn'tbeallowed_______afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.(2012湖北咸宁)A.driveB.drivingC.todriveD.tobedriven()10.Theteachertoldthestudents_______anyfoodintothecomputerroom.(2010广东广州)A.nottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnotCA()11._________Englishwell,hepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.(2010黑龙江)A.LearnB.LearningC.Tolearn()12.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_________it.(2011山东临沂)A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostopCD()13.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?(2011山东威海)A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive()14.Teachersoftentellus________intheriverafterschool.(2011四川内江)A.don'tswimB.notswimC.nottoswimDC