9-中国种猪进口技术要求-王爱国

1王爱国博士中国农业大学动物科技学院教授Prof.Dr.WangAiguoChinaAgriculturalUniversityThetechnicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsintoChina2012北京（国际）种猪产业发展研讨会2012年9月24日主要内容MainContents种猪进口Importingbreedingpigs种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求Technicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsandfrozensemen技术评审Technicalreview2商品群CommercialProduction扩繁群Multiplication核心育种群高附加值Nucleus进口种猪Importedpigs中国种猪进口ImportingbreedingpigsintoChina我国作为世界第一养猪大国，但在生猪良种繁育体系中顶端的核心种猪资源主要依赖进口Astheworld’sbiggestporkproducingcountry,Chinastillreliesonimportinggeneticsinsuperiorpigbreedingsystem重引种、轻选育Emphasizeonintroductionandoverlookselection我国商品猪生产的主导瘦肉型猪种持续从国外进口，实质是把生猪产业最具竞争力的核心种猪资源拱手让给国外猪育种公司Chinacontinuouslyimportsleanpiggeneticsfromoverseas,givingupthemostcompetitiveresourcetoforeignbreedingcompany330多年来，我国从国外进口种猪规模持续扩大Overthepast30years,Chinahasbeenincreasingitsscaleofimportingpiggenetics引种的国家主要有美国、加拿大、丹麦、法国、英国、瑞典等,主要有大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪等品种MaincountriesChinaimportsfromincludes:US,Canada,Denmark,France,UK,andSweden,mainlytheLargeWhite,Landrace,andDuroc引种的国际育种公司有PIC、海波尔、托佩克等InternationalcompaniesexportingtoChinainclude:PIC,Hypor,andTopigs种猪进口Breedingpigsimportation42000-2010年中国进口种猪数量NumbersofPigsimportedfrom2000-2010336412568501797189828592489241411613220030000200040006000800010000120001400020002001200220032004200520062007200820092010头Head年度Year2011年中国海关统计，进口种猪10784头In2011,accordingtostatisticfromChinaCustoms,10,784breedingpigsareimported.5选择的纯种猪通常是GGP的后代，并非是核心群的后代TheselectedpurebredpigsarenormallyoffspringofGGP,notthenucleusherd选猪体重小Choosepigweightsmall由于隔离检疫时间长达3个多月，在挑选种猪时，种猪周龄为8-14周，体重15-40kgSincethequarantineisaslongas3months,theaverageageforselectionis8-14weeks,weight15-40kg启运时，种猪周龄为15-21周，体重约为45-90kg；平均周龄不超过18周，平均体重65kgJustbeforeshipping,agesrangeis15-21weeks,weigh45-90kg;averageagelessthan18weeks,averageweightlessthan65kg没有本身性能测定数据，家系选种，选择准确性差Lackofperformancedata,selectedbypedigree,poorselectionaccuracy进口种猪的性能Performanceofimportedpigs6进口种猪的性能PerformanceofimportedpigsIndexEPDSPI105.9MLI104.0TSI97.3没有本身性能测定数据，家系选择!Noperformancedata,Onlyselectedbypedigree!引种时就已落后Outofdatewhenintroduced以美国STAGES为例AmericaSTAGESasanexample7不同记录来源及遗传力的选择准确性Selectionaccuracyvaluesgivendifferentsourcesofrecordsandh2levels遗传力Heritability记录来源Sourceofrecords.10.30.50只有父母Twoparentsonly.23.39.50个体Individual.32.55.71个体+父母Individual+2parents.38.67.76个体+5个全同胞Individual+5fullsibs.41.64.76个体+10个全同胞Individual+10fullsibs.48.68.78个体+10个半同胞Individual+10halfsibs.34.57.72个体+50个半同胞Individual+50halfsibs.46.64.75个体+5个后裔Individual+5halfsibprogeny.44.67.79个体+10个后裔Individual+10halfsibprogeny.52.71.84个体+50个后裔Individual+50halfsibprogeny.73.82.93864.879.984.796.879.4TSI•TerminalSireIndex(TSI)终端父本指数•杜洛克猪Duroc•SowProductivityIndex(SPI)母猪生产力指数•MaternalLineIndex(MLI)母系指数•大白猪和长白猪LargeWhite,Landrace种猪及精液进口享受国家免税政策，亟需加强管理！Taxbenefitforimportingpigandsemen–needsregulations这些猪能做种猪吗？Canthesepigsbeusedasbreedingmaterials?根据《中华人民共和国畜牧法》和《中华人民共和国畜禽遗传资源进出境和对外合作研究利用审批办法》的有关规定，我部制定了《种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求（试行）》和《肉用种牛及冷冻精液和胚胎进口技术要求（试行）》Technicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsandfrozensemen(betaversion)Technicalrequirementsforimportingbeefcattleandfrozensemenandembryo(betaversion)农业部公告第1677号(2011年11月25日)MinistryofAgricultureAnnouncementNo.1677(Nov25th,2011)101.基本条件Basiccondition1.1从境外引进的种猪及冷冻精液的供体，应符合本品种特征、性能质量和种用要求Breedingpigsandfrozensemenimportedfromforeigncountriesshouldmeettherequirementsinproductcharacteristics,performancequalityandgeneticusage1.2申请从境外引进种猪及冷冻精液的，应提供出口国家或者地区法定机构出具的相关个体格式规范、记录完整的三代（指父母代、祖代、曾祖代）系谱资料，及其主要生产性能测定成绩或者育种值Whenapplyingtoimportbreedingpigsandfrozensemen,applicantshouldprovidetheofficialdocumentofeachindividual’sstandardandcompletepedigreeinformationofthreegeneration(parents,grandparents,greatgrandparents),anditsmainperformancemeasurementresultsorbreedingvalue种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求(试行)Technicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsandfrozensemen111.3种猪无脐疝，种公猪无阴囊疝、单睾、隐睾等遗传疾患和损征。出口方应对上述遗传疾患和损征在系谱上标识或在销售合同条款中作明确约定Noumbilicalhernia,themalesarefreefromanyhereditarydefectssuchasscrotalhernia,monorchidism,andcryptorchidism,etc.Exportershouldmarkonthepedigreeinregardsoftheabove-mentionedhereditarydefectsoraddtermsintradeagreement.1.4从境外引进的种猪及冷冻精液应符合我国进口动物及动物产品检疫有关规定TheimportedbreedingpigsandfrozensemenshouldmeettherequirementofChina’sinspectionregulationofimportedanimalandanimalproducts.1.5申请单位将申请表、合同、系谱、种畜禽生产经营许可证等材料报农业部，同时…Applicantshouldsubmitapplicationform,contract,pedigree,productionpermittotheMinistryofAgriculture,meanwhile…种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求Technicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsandfrozensemen122.从境外引进种公猪的技术条件Conditionsforimportingboars种公猪主要生产性能综合育种值指数不低于120Boar’smainperformancetotalbreedingvalueindexhigherthan1203.从境外引进种猪冷冻精液的技术条件Conditionofimportingfrozensemen3.1冷冻精液的供体应为纯种猪，来源于纯种猪场或曾祖代场Donatorofthefrozensemenshouldbepurebredboars,originatedfromnucleusorGGPfarm3.2冷冻精液的供体主要生产性能综合育种值指数不低于130Donators’performancetotalbreedingvalueindexhigherthan130种猪及冷冻精液进口技术要求Technicalrequirementsforimportingbreedingpigsandfrozensemen13《技术要求》规定的三代系谱是指父母代、祖代和曾祖代Technicalrequirementrequiresthatthethreegenerationpedigreebe