选修六unit5grammar

ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）-ing分词的一般式和完成式：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。•Iwasfeelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.•Iworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.-ing分词的被动式Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。-ing分词的否定形式是由not/never加-ing分词构成。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。-ing分词的构成主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。现在分词作状语•[1]作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,…)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴地跳了起来。________________,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Hearingthenews•[2]作原因状语Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,…)由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。_______________________,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Notknowingheraddress•[3]作条件状语Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntheleft,…)Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.•[4]作让步状语1.KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.•[5]作伴随状语1.Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=…,andwaitedforher.)2.FollowingMike,theystartedtoclimb.3.Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,_________and_________merrily.laughingtalking[6]作结果状语。如：Hisfatherleft,leavinghimalotofmoney.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.独立成分：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?1、分词(短语)作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是同一个人。2、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。使用-ing形式需注意的4个问题.3、用V+ing一般式还是Having+done完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。4、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never等否定词构成。注:(1)分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。V--ing表主动或进行,--ed表完成或被动.•_______(look)outofthewindow,wecanseeabigtree.•________(see)fromthewindow,abigtreecanbeseen.LookingSeen(2)否定式not的位置(在分词的最前面加not)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldnotgetintouchwithher.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.(3)“with/without+n.+-ing”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.Withfinal-examscoming,hefeelsverynervous.Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.=Hearingastrangesound,hewentoutof….Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento….be-beingAsshedidn’tknowanyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.1.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_______away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranBrunningaway在此作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。2.Thestormleft,________alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedD题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。3.________inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.towaitB.havewaitedC.havingwaitedD.tohavewaitedC此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。4._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferedC.TosufferD.SufferedA由already提示，分词动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。5.Thesecretaryworkedallnightlong,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB非谓语动词充当伴随状语，与主语thesecretary是主动关系，因此用v.-ing形式。Consolidation1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaid______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5．Themissingsingerwaslastseen____thevoiceclosetothebridge．A．exercisingB．tobeexercisingC．exerciseD．toexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear．A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout7.__________theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard