基于ZigBee技术的无线数据采集系统

江苏大学硕士学位论文I摘要数据采集技术是信息科学的一个重要分支，它与传感器技术、信号处理技术以及计算机技术共同构建了现代检测技术的基础。本文在分析了数据采集系统的相关现状以及主要短距离无线通信技术的基础上，针对有线数据采集方式综合成本高、不易扩展、移动性差等缺陷，设计并实现了一个基于ZigBee技术的低成本、低功耗的无线数据采集系统。ZigBee技术是一种近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低速率、低成本的无线通信技术，工作在2.4GHz的ISM频段上，传输速率为20kb/s-250kb/s,传输距离为10m~75m，主要用于短距离无线传输，将ZigBee技术与数据采集技术相结合，具有广泛的应用前景。本课题基于当前数据采集系统的发展要求，以工业现场数据采集为目的，通过对ZigBee技术的研究（包括技术参数、网络组织结构，ZigBee2006协议），采用基于ZigBee技术的无线单片机CC2430（SOC），设计并实现了无线数据采集节点的硬件电路。硬件模块主要由无线传输模块和测试模块两部分组成，其中无线传输模块完成节点间的无线通讯，测试模块包括了RS232、电源、键盘及OLED显示屏，主要用于选择功能、检测网络状态等。结合硬件电路的特点以及整个系统的功能要求，本研究开发了系统的下位机软件与上位机软件。下位机软件包括协调器节点及一般终端节点的软件设计，建立一个低功耗、低时延的ZigBee星型网络。上位机软件采用BorlandC++Builder6.0(简称BCB)编写，实现网络中节点监控，包括数据采集与处理，实时曲线以及历史曲线的绘制，数据保存等功能。通过ZigBee终端节点对现场数据的采集、ZigBee终端节点与协调器节点的通信，ZigBee模块的相关参数及组网参数的测试，验证了本设计方案的正确性，说明了ZigBee技术与数据采集技术相结合可以克服有线数据采集系统的弊端。关键词：数据采集，无线通信，ZigBee技术，CC2430，C++Builder江苏大学硕士学位论文IIABSTRACTDataacquisitionisanimportantbranchofinformationtechnologyandisthefoundationofmodernmeasurementtechnologytogetherwithsensortechnology,signalprocessingtechnologyandcomputertechnology.Basedontheresearchsituationofdataacquisitionsystemandthemainshort-rangewirelesscommunicationtechnology,awirelessdataacquisitionsystembasedonZigBeetechnologywhichhasthefeaturesoflowpriceandlowpowerconsumptionwasdesignedandrealizedaimingatsolvingthedisadvantagesofhighprice,uneaseextensionandpoormobilityofwireddataacquisition.ZigBeetechnologyisabidirectionalwirelesscommunicationtechnologywiththefeaturesofshortdistance,lowcomplexity,lowpowerconsumption,andlowbitrate.Itworksat2.4GHzISMfrequency,anditstransmissionrateisabout20kb/s-250kb/s,SoZigBeetechnologyismainlyappliedtoshortdistancewirelesscommunication.DataacquisitionsystemwhichcombineswithZigBeetechnologyhasawideapplicationprospect.Thisthesisbasedonthedevelopmentrequirementofcurrentdataacquisitionsystem,takeindustryfielddataacquiringasagoal,throughresearchingonZigBeetechnology(techniqueparameters,features,networktopologies,andZigBee2006protocol).ItusingwirelesssinglechipmicrocomputerCC2430basedonZigBeetechnology,designsandrealizesthehardwarecircuitoftheZigBeenodes.Thehardwarecircuithastwopartsincludingwirelesstransmittingmoduleandtestingmodule.Thewirelesstransmittingmodulemainlyaccomplisheswirelessdatatransmission.AndthetestingmoduleincludingRS232circuit,powercircuit,keyboardcircuit,anddisplaycircuit,mainlyaccomplishesfunctionchoiceandnetworkstatedetection.Accordingtothecircuitcharacteristicsandthefunctionrequirementsofthewholesystem,thelowercomputersoftwareandtheuppercomputersoftwareisdesignedandaccomplishedintheresearch.Thelowercomputersoftwareincludingthesoftwaredesignofcoordinatornodeandgeneralterminalnodeinstarnetwork,realizesZigBeestarnetworkbuildingwiththefeaturesoflowpowerconsumptionandlowdelay.TheuppersoftwareprogrammingusingBorlandC++江苏大学硕士学位论文IIIBuilder6.0accomplishesthefunctionofmonitoringthenodestateinthenetworkincludingdataacquiringandprocessing,curve-drawing,data-saving,andsoon.ThisdesignisverifiedbyfielddataacquisitionofZigBeeterminalnodes,communicationbetweenZigBeeterminalnodesandcoordinatenodes,relativeparametersandnetworkingparametersofZigbeemodules,whichsuggeststhatdisadvantagesofthewireddataacquisitionsystemcanbeovercomethroughthecombinationofZigbeetechnologyanddataacquisitiontechnology.Keyword:dataacquisition,wirelesscommunication,ZigBeetechnology,CC2430,C++Builder江苏大学硕士学位论文IV目录摘要...............................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................II目录.............................................................................................................................................IV第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................................11.1课题的背景.........................................................................................................................11.2短距离无线技术的发展现状.............................................................................................11.2.1IEEE802.11标准....................................................................................................21.2.2蓝牙技术.................................................................................................................21.2.3IrDA通信技术........................................................................................................21.2.4HomeRF...................................................................................................................31.2.5ZigBee技术.............................................................................................................31.3基于ZigBee数据采集系统的意义..................................................................................41.4论文的主要工作及结构....................................................................................................4第二章系统总体方案设计...........................