东华理工软件测试复习资料

SoftwaretestingIntroduction&FundamentalsWhatisSoftwareTesting?Whytestingisnecessary?Whodoesthetesting?Whathastobetested?Whenistestingdone?Howoftentotest?AgendaWhatissoftwaretesting/Whodoesit?WhysoftwaretestingisimportantSomefundamentalsoftestingTestPlans&ScriptsSampleTestingTechniquesWhatistesting?Testingisaprocessaimedat:FindingdefectsinacontrolledmannerDetectingthelevelofqualityofthetestobjectFindthegapbetweenspecificationsandtheactualproductWhatissoftwaretesting?1.Softwaretestingistheprocessofexecutingsoftwareinacontrolledmanner,inordertoanswerthequestion“Doesthesoftwarebehaveasspecified?”2.Softwaretestingisoftenusedinassociationwiththetermsverificationandvalidation.3.Verificationisthecheckingortestingofitems,includingsoftwareforconformanceandconsistencywithanassociatedspecification.4．Softwaretestingisjustonekindofverification,whichalsousestechniquessuchasreviews,analysis,inspectionsandwalkth.roughs5.Validationistheprocessofcheckingthatwhathasbeenspecifiediswhattheuseractuallywanted.Validation:arewedoingtherightjob?Verification:arewedoingthejobright?Whydowetest?ProvideconfidenceinthesystemdentifyareasofweaknessEstablishthedegreeofqualityEstablishtheextentthattherequirementshavebeenmet.Toprovideanunderstandingoftheoverallsystem.TestingofinformationsystemsWhatdowetest?ApplicationSoftwareHardwareSystemSoftwareProceduresDocumentationFunctionalityPerformanceUsabilityWHODOESTHETESTING?Softwaretestingisnotaonepersonjob.Ittakesateam,buttheteammaybelargerorsmallerdependingonthesizeandcomplexityoftheapplicationbeingtested.Theprogrammer(s)whowrotetheapplicationshouldhaveareducedroleinthetestingifpossible.Theconcernhereisthatthey’realreadysointimatelyinvolvedwiththeproductand“know”thatitworksthattheymaynotbeabletotakeanunbiasedlookattheresultsoftheirlabors.Who’sinvolvedintesting?Developers–CodeInspection,UnitTestingTesters–System&IntegrationTestingTrainers–TrainingmaterialsproductionUsers–UserAcceptanceTestingProjectManagers–Scheduling,Resourcing,Risks,Issues,DefectStatsEverybodyisresponsibleforquality-NASAWhytestingisImportantAllSoftwarehasdefects(bugs)Allsoftwareproductsare‘prototypes’.Softwareproductsaregettinglargerandmorecomplicated-Vista40%largerthanXP@over50millionLOCSoftwareiswrittenbyhuman–humanmakemistakesSoftwaretestinglookstofindthemostimportantdefectsasearlyaspossible–increasingconfidencethatthesoftwaremeetsspecification.TestingImportantConceptErrorBUGDefectVerificationandValidationERRORError:it'samistakeinprogrammer.E.g.whenwecompileaprogrammerinClanguagetherewecanseethenumberoferrorsandwarning.•SyntaxerrorAnErrorcanbeaDefectsorBug.BUGAftercodingandcompilingwe'llfindthemismatchbetweenexpectedandactualresult.Asoftwarebugisthecommontermusedtodescribeanerror,mistake,failureorfaultinacomputerprogramorsystemthatproducesanincorrectorunexpectedresult,orcausesittobehaveinunintendedways.Mostbugsarisefrommistakesanderrorsmadebyhumanineitheraprogram'ssourcecodeoritsdesign,andafewarecausedbycompilersproducingincorrectcode.Aprogramthatcontainsalargenumberofbugs,and/orbugsthatseriouslyinterferewithitsfunctionality,issaidtobebuggy.Debug:Debugging:Itinvolvesidentifying,isolating,andfixingtheproblems/bugsDEFECT•DEFECT:SameasBUGbutfoundinreal-timeenvironment/atcustomer'ssite.•Defect:IsanerrorfoundAFTERtheapplicationgoesintoproduction•Bug:IsanerrorfoundBEFOREtheapplicationgoesintoproductionVerificationandValidation•Verification:1.ItisaQualityimprovementprocess.2.Itisinvolvewiththereviewingandevaluatingtheprocess.3.ItisconductedbyQAteam.4.VerificationisCorrectness.5.Areweproducingtheproductright?Validation:1.itisensuresthefunctionality.2.ItisconductedbydevelopmentteamwiththehelpfromQCteam.3.ValidationisTruth.4.Validationisthefollowingprocessofverification.5.Areweproducingtherightproduct?SoftwareQuality:Quality:Thedegreetowhichacomponent,systemorprocessmeetsspecifiedrequirementsand/oruser/customerneedsandexpectations.Softwarequality:Thetotalityoffunctionalityandfeaturesofasoftwareproductthatbearonitsabilitytosatisfystatedorimpliedneeds.SoftwareQuality:Qualitycanbedefineindifferentmanner.Qualitydefinitionmaydifferfrompersontoperson.Butfinallythereshouldbesomestandards.SoFollowingfactorsareusedtomeasuresoftwaredevelopmentquality.ReliabilityMaintainabilityUsabilityPortabilityCorrectnessEfficiencySoftwarequality:Reliability:Productreliabilityismeasuredintermsofworkingofprojectunderdifferentworkingenvironmentanddifferentconditions.Maintainability:Differentversionsoftheproductshouldbeeasytomaintain.Usability:Thiscanbemeasuredintermsofeaseofuse.Applicationshouldbeuserfriendly.Shouldbeeasytolearn.Softwarequality:Correctness-Applicationshouldbecorrectintermsofitsfunctionality,calculationsusedinternallyandthenavigationshouldbecorrect.Efficiency-ToMajorsystemqualityattribute.Measuredintermsoftimerequiredtocompleteanytaskgiventothesystem.SDLCModelAframeworkthatdescribestheactivitiesperformedateachstageofasoftwaredevelopmentproject.SDLCWaterfallModelRequirements–definesneededinformation,function,behavior,pe