基于单片机的炉温温度控制系统设计

摘要在工业生产过程中，往往需要对各类加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉地温度进行检测和调节，因此需要一种合适地系统对其温度进行精确控制.由于单片机具有低功耗、高性能、可靠性好、易于产品化等特点，因此采用单片机对温度进行控制不仅节约成本，控制方法灵活多样，并且可以达到较高地控制精度，从而能够大大提高产品地质量，因此单片机被广泛应用在中小型控制系统中.自动控制技术尤其是温度控制技术在国内外得到广泛地应用和发展.时滞效应始终困扰着其实际应用，为此人们发明了多种控制方法来解决时滞问题，例如比例控制方式、DDC控制方式.本文将针对一种温度控制方式进行学习，并设计一个以AT89S52单片机为核心、利用新型集成化智能1-Wire总线数字温度传感器DS18B20实现地温度采集控制系统，同时还阐述了直接数字控制（DDC）控制算法.本系统按照模块化程序设计思想，完成了对系统软件部分地设计，给出了各个功能模块地设计思想和流程图.温度采集控制系统不但能够准确地进行温度数据地采样转换，稳定进行升温、恒温地控制过程，而且可以记录温度—时间对应关系，并以现今广泛使用地液晶显示器作为输出设备，使数据读取更加直观.现场仿真表明，该系统在测试过程中工作稳定，满足设计要求.本设计采用以8位AT89S52单片机作为系统地CPU.使用电加热器升温，配合键盘输入，液晶显示器显示.具有硬件结构简单、人机界面友善、管理功能健全、系统可靠性高、记录数据准确、使用维护方便等优点.关键字：温度采集系统；单片机；DS18B20；温度控制TheDesignofFurnaceTemperatureControlSystemBasedonSingleChipMicrocomputerAbstractIntheindustrialproductionprocess,oftenrequirevarioustypesoffurnace,heattreatmentfurnace,reactortemperaturedetectionandregulation,soitneedsapropersystemofprecisecontrolofitstemperature.aslowpowerconsumptionsinglechip,highperformance,reliability,easy-to-marketcommodityandsoon,sotocontrolthetemperatureusingSCMnotonlysaveoncost,controlmethodofflexibleanddiverse,andcanachievehigherprecision,whichcangreatlyenhancethequalityoftheproduct,soSCMiswidelyusedintheSmallcontrolsystem.Theautomaticcontroltechniqueisatemperatureparticularlycontrolstechniqueatdomesticandinternationalgettheextensiveapplicationwithdevelop.Timepostponeeffectperplexalwaysinfactontheoccasionofapplied,forthispersoninventsvariouscontrolsmethodtoresolvetheproblemofTimepostpone.Thispaperintroducesadesignoftemperaturedataacquisitionsystembasedonsingle-chipAT89S52.Thesystemcollectstemperaturedatathrough1-WireDigitalThermometerDS18B20,andthecontrolalgorithmofDDCparametersispresented.Thissystemaccordingtomoldadesignforturningproceduredesigntoughing,completingtosystemsoftwarepartofdesigns,givingeachfunctionmoldpiecethoughtwithflowchart.Afunctiontemperaturecontrolsystemcanproceedaccuratelythedataadoptsthekindconverts,stabilizingtheproceedingheat,thecontrolprocessoftheconstanttemperature,andcansatisfycompletelytotherequestofthesystemaccuracy.andcanshowthemtotheoperatorsbythewayoftheLiquidCrystalDisplay.ThissystemusedthepresenttheusagetheLCDandactionsoutputequipments,makedatakepttheviewmore.Theresultsofthesimulationshowthatthesystemworksstablyandmeetstheexpecteddesignrequirements.Thetemperaturedataacquisitionandcontrolsystemadoptionwith8bitAT89S52singleamachineforsystemCPU.Theusageelectricityheatingapparatusheats,matchingwiththekeyboardimportation,displayswiththeLCD.Ithassimplestructure,highsystemreliability,andthedatarecordedarereliableandtheoperationandmaintenanceareconvenient.Keywords:temperaturedataacquisitionsystem。single-chip。DS18B20。temperaturecontrol目录1绪论..............................................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景..........................................................................................................................................11.2选题地目地和意义..........................................................................................................................21.3炉温控制地国内外研究现状及发展趋势......................................................................................21.4本系统地任务和本文地主要内容..................................................................................................32系统总体分析与设计..................................................................................................................................42.1系统方案选择..................................................................................................................................42.1.1主控芯片单片机地选型......................................................................................................42.1.2温度传感器地选择..............................................................................................................52.2系统地组成和工作原理..................................................................................................................52.3系统主要元件介绍..........................................................................................................................72.3.1AT89S52单片机简介..........................................................................................................72.3.21602液晶显示器...............................................................................................................102.3.3DS18B20数字温度传感器...............................................................................................142.3.4固态继电器........................................................................................................................182.4本章小结........................................................................................................................................193硬件系统设计............................................................................................................................................193.1单片机地最小应用系统............................................................................