高三英语定语从句高考考点讲解

定语从句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)1、_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.（04江苏）A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.（01北京春季）A．heB．thisC．whichD．who1)非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象……那样、正如所……的”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，考点一：关系代词:asDC注意thesame…as/such…as的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.Suchas与suchthatHeissuchagoodteacher____weallloveandrespect.AthatB.asC.whoD.soB他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师．Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecthim.Heissuchagoodteacherasweallloveandrespect.1.a.Itissuchaninterestingbook_____weallwanttoreadtwice.b.Itissuchaninterestingbook____weallwanttoreadittwice.Aas,asB.that,thatC.as,thatD.that,as2.Ihaveneverheardsuchstories____hetells.A.AsB.thatC.whichD.whatCA考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。例1:Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语Ithink应放在关系代词后面。A例2:Isthisfactory________youvisitedyesterday?A.WhichB.thatC.whereD.theone不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句Thisfactoryis________youvisitedyesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填theone。D例3:Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthan________areintheirclass.A.whoB.thosewhoC.thatD.which分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填thosewho。B考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。例1:He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why析:先行词situation意为“处境”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。Ａ例2:Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where析:manycases意为“场合”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。Ｄ例3:Herillnesswillnotdeveloptothepoint________nomedicinecancureher.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.as析:point意为“地步”,表抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。Ａ考点四：whose指物时可与ofwhich等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichwhosecoverisblue.1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（05天津卷）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京）A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameBD“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与ofwhich结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”。题1可变为：fromtheeffectsofwhich…考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较1、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_____wevisitedthreemonthsago?（05北京春季）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.（04全国II）A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatCA当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。题1中的farm作visited的宾语，故选C；题2中的trousers作wiped的地点状语，故选A。考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句1、Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏卷)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich2、Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.（05山东卷）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisCC题1中theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语，此处的atwhich相当于where;后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：１．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.2.要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。解题思路1。通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。4。将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。2。题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序3。观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheoneCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosewhichhaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____who(that/which)^^Correctthesentences:9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____that____that____whyit____Correctthesentences:13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.aswho______________giveswhy^Cor