小学英语-基础语法总结(附练习)

小学英语基础语法总结（附练习）Contents第一章名词1.名词的数2.名词的格第二章代词1.人称代词2.物主代词第三章冠词与数词1.冠词2.数词第四章句型1．陈述句2．疑问句3．祈使句4、Therebe句型与have\has第五章时态第六章总结考试*红字及红字所示范围内的语法知识需重点掌握第一章名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如apieceofbread(一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加s.词尾读音shop---shops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bag---bags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]window---windows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class---classes(班级)词尾读音[iz]box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.story---stories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skey---keys词尾读音[z]monkey---monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potato---potatoes(土豆)zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knife---knives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roof---roofs(屋顶)7.不规则名词复数的变化man---men(男人)tooth---teeth(牙齿)child---children(儿童)mouse---mice(老鼠)foot---feet(脚)woman---women(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheep---sheep(绵羊)deer---deer（鹿）English---English（英国人）Chinese---Chinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法（表示“谁谁谁的”）1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如：thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer__________2.apple____________3.city_____________4.house___________5.sheep___________6.watch____________7.tomato___________8.child___________9.tooth____________10.foot___________11.wife___________12.potato____________13.play____________14.day___________15.glass____________16.radio_____________17.zoo____________18.life____________19.story_____________20.leaf_____________21.baby____________22.dress__________23.butterfly____________24.deer___________25.class_____________26.brush_____________27.key____________28.English____________29.mouse____________30.man____________二、汉译英1．Tom的足球_________________2.老师们的自行车_________________3．学生们的课桌_____________________4.哥哥的文具盒_______________________5．姑姑的卡片___________________6.猴子们的香蕉___________________7．蚂蚁们的早餐_________________8.妈妈的包___________________9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________10.女孩们的苹果_________________三、把下列句子翻译成英文1．这些是Peter的篮球吗？________________________________________2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？___________________________________________3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.Therearesomebutterflysonthetable._____________________________________2.ThisisAlicedress.______________________3.Iliketomatoverymuch.__________________五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1．Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.___________________________________________________能力测试卷（名词）一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2.boxbusbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“√”1．Thehouseismybrother.________________________2.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________3.TheyareEnglishs.______________________________4.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________三、选择填空1．Therearetwo______intheroom.A.ChinesesB.Englishman2.Theoldmanwillhave___________out.A.twotoothsB.twoteeth3.____________aresoldinthisbookstore.A.Children’sbooksB.Childrenbooks4.Somefriendsof_________willcomehere.A.John’sB.John5.Canyougiveme______________?A.somepapersB.apieceofpaper6.Thereare______________onthefloor.A.someboxB.someboxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1．Thissheepiswhite.___________________________________________________2.Thereisadeskandachairintheroom.___________________________________________________3.Thatmanisadoctor.___________________________________________________第二章代词*体现以上代词用法的巧妙例文：Iamastudent.Heisadoctor.Sheisanurse.Theyaremyfriends.Youareverynice.Weareplayingintheparknow.Itisalongsnake.Iamgoingtothesupermarketnow.Youareapoliteboy.Sheismyeldersister.HealwaysgoodatsportsThisishercost.Mycoatisoverthere.Somefriendsofmineiscomingtomyhouse.Thekeyisyours.Yourcarisbeautiful.Herdressislong.Thelongdressishers.Theirbooksarenew.Thebikesaretheirs.Hisfriendsarekind.Thisbookishis.Thetoysareours.Ourhouseisbig.Thebighouseisours.代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Maryisafriendof______________.(I)2.Thisis________(she)ruler.________(I)isinthebag.3.Herbrotheristooyoungtolookafter_________(he)4.Thisis_________(I)book.Thisbookis_________(I).5.Thesepensare_________(we).二、改写下列句子Eg,Thisismybook.------Thebookismine.1.Thatisherruler._________________________________2.Thesearetheirfootballs.___