非谓语动词语法讲解学生版

1非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo2、动词的ing:doing3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedonetohavebeendoneing形式主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todosth.动词ing形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing(-ing形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)2六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a.不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walkb.不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即用句型：Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpus.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’snogood/usedoingsth.It’suselessdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.(teaching/toteachEnglish是myjob的内容)Knowingwhowearemeansknowingwhatweliketodo.（主表语要用同一种形式）32、分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise(使某人吃惊)，surprising(令人吃惊)，surprised(主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite(激动)，astonish(惊奇)，shock(震惊)，scare(惊恐)，disappoint(失望)，move（感动），如：Themovieisexciting.Weareexcitedatthenews.3、在seem/appear(似乎，好像)，prove/turnout(被证明是)，remain(仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.非谓语动词十大解题原则非谓语动词主要包括todo,-ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1._________manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold例2．_________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhehadtold原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3.____________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing例4.__________,IreallybelievethatI’dprefernottomakeanychangenow.A.ConsideredallthepossibilitiesB.Takingallthepossibilitiesintoconsideration4C.TakenallthepossibilitiesintoconsiderationD.Givingallthepossibilities原则三、beingdone表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式tohavedone或havingdone强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5.__toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed例6.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_____theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-todo，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed例7.Theplay_____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture．A．producedB．beingproducedC．tobeproducedD．havingbeenproduced例8.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______________.A.thethiefhavingbeencaughtB.thethieftobecaughtC.catchthethiefD.thethiefbeingcaught例10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose5原则六、-ing形式或todo可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11.___________inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.CaughtB.HavingcaughtC.BeingcaughtD.Tocatch例12___twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compared例14_______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例15．____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten例16._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked例17.Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings例18.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished6原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner例20.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told例21.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet例22.HowgladIam___________you!A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.havingseen原则十、非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有nottodo,notdoing,nothavingdone,nottohavedone几种形式例23______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized例24.Whatworried