新概念英语二Lesson88知识点

Lesson88Trappedinamine困在矿井里【Newwordsandexpressions】trap（1）v.陷入，使陷于困境Hewastrappedinthegamepreserve.他被困在禁猎区、（2）v.将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗（某人）trapsbintodoing诱使某人做某事Theytrappedherintomarringhim.（3）n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱Thereisabearcaughtinatrap.（4）n.诡计、圈套、策略Hefellintoatrap.vibrationn.震动Wecouldfeelthevibrationsfromthetruckspassingoutside.我们能够感觉到外面卡车路过的震动。vibrate（1）v.振动、摇动Hisshouldersvibratedwithanger.他气到双肩颤抖。（2）v.受……而感动，（心）颤动Myheartvibratedtothesoulfulpainting.那张充满感情的画让我为之感动。collapse（1）v.坍塌、瓦解、崩溃Theheavyfloodcollapsedthebridge.大洪水使桥梁坍塌了。Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofsnow.雪把房顶压塌了。（2）v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败Ourprojectcollapsedbecauseofshortageoffunds.因为资金短缺，我们的计划泡汤了。.drill（1）v.钻孔Iwilldrillaholeinthewall（2）v.训练（某人），反复练习、接受训练drillinEnglishpronunciation练习英语发音（3）n.锥子、钻孔机（4）n.训练、演练、练习afiredrill消防演习capsulen.容器、胶囊Heswallowedtwocapsulesatatime.他一下吃下了两粒胶囊。medicine：pill药丸powder药粉tablet药片layer（1）n.层acakewithtwolayers两层蛋糕（2）下蛋的鸡agoodlayer常下蛋的鸡←→abadlayer不常下蛋的鸡beneath（1）prep.在......之下Let’stakearestbeneaththetree.（2）（地位、价值）较…….差的，较……不值的Suchwordsarebeneathyou.说这些话有失你的身份。lower（1）v.放低（高度、位置），降低Sheloweredhereyes.他垂下眼睛。（2）v.降低（价格、数量、程度、声音等）lowertherentofahouse降低房租（3）adj.更低的;较低的;下层的progress（1）v.进展，进行，进步Wearenowprogressingsteadilywithourwork.我们现在工作进展顺利。Youhaveprogressedquicklyinmathematics.你在数学上进步迅速。（2）n.前进、进行、进步makeslowprogresstowardthedestination.朝目的地缓慢前进makeprogresssmoothlyadv.顺利地、平滑地Ourworkgoessmoothly.我们的工作进展顺利。smooth（1）adj.平滑的、順利的、温和的Thewaterwasassmoothasglass.水面光滑如玻璃一样。Heissmoothinhismanners.他举止彬彬有理。（2）v.使平滑（坦）Don’tforgettosmooththeboardbeforeyoupaintit.在刷油漆之前別忘了把木料打磨光滑。【课文讲解】1.Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.minen.矿井，巷道，水雷2.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.loseone’slife丧生saveone'slife救命3.However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.rescuev.（从危险等）救出rescue……fromTheyrescuedaboyfromdrowning.他们救了那个落水男孩。prove之后带形容词（有时也可以是名词）时表示“证明是”、“结果是”：Hisoperationprovedsuccessful.他的手术很成功。4.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：Thenewflatislargerandthereforemoreexpensive.这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,andhewasthereforeabletobuyacar.他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,therefore,hewasabletobuyacar.（译文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗号，so后面通常不用逗号）Wearrivedearly,sowegotgoodseats.我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前）onbothsidesofthestreet在街道两边ontheothersideofthesquare在广场的另一边5.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.intendtodo打算做某事Heintendstostudyabroadnextyear.intendsbtodo打算让某人做某事Heintendshissontomanagethecompany.他打算让他儿子经营公司。bringup（1）养育、培育、教育She’sbroughtupthreechildren.她一個人养大了三个孩子。（2）提出话题Hisnewsuggestionwasbroughtupatthemeeting他在会议上提出新的建议。6.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.asitis实际上事实上（也可以用asitwas）。Ithoughttheywouldhelpus.Asitwas,theyjustsatthereandlookedon.我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。7.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.enablesbtodo使某人做Hislargeincomeenabledhimtoliveincomfort.他那丰厚的收入使他可以过舒服的生活。keepintouchwith与......保持联系，也可以用stay，get等其他动词：Hestillkeepsintouchwithhisoldfriends.closestrelatives直系亲属8.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.runoutof=useup用完，耗尽9.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.loseheart失望，失去勇气，灰心Seeingthattheenemywasmuchstrongerthanthemselves,thesoldierslostheartatonce.看到敌人比他们强壮的多，战士们立刻就失去勇气了。【Structures】课文中If引导的条件状语从句1)表示对可能出现的情况的一种预测=Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.=Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.2)表示与事实相反的情况（虚拟语气）=Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.=Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.=IfIhadthemoneynow,Iwouldbuyanewcar.=IfJohnhadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedhisexamination.类型条件从句谓语动词形式主语谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式should/would/could/might+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形也就是说，虚拟语气的几种常见用法是：①表示和现在事实相反的假设：条件句用动词的过去式，但be(包括Therebe)各人称一律用were;主句则用should/would/could/might+动词原形。②表示与过去事实相反的假设：条件句用动词的过去完成时（had+过去分词）；主句则用would+have+过去分词。③表示与将来事实相反的假设：条件句用should+动词原形或动词过去式，或wereto+动词原形，主句的谓语则用should/would/could/might+动词原形。以下分别举例说明：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtellherthetruth.如果我是你，我就告诉她事实真相。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldhavegottheticket.你要是当初听我的，现在就拿到票了。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.如果明天下雪的话我就呆在家里。【Specialdifficulties】与动词run有关的短语run可以与不同的介词或副词搭配产生不同的含义。（1）runoutof可表示“用完”、“耗尽”：Theyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink.他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了。Hehasrunoutofmoney.他的钱用光了。（2）runafter表示“追赶”、“追逐”：Sheranthroughaforestafterthetwothieves.她穿过森林，追赶那两个小偷。Seeingthathissisterwasannoyed,heranafterhertoapologize.当他发现他妹妹/姐姐生气时，他便追上去道歉。（3）runover的含义之一是“在......驶过/辗过”：Thecarranoverhislegs.那车辗过他的双腿。（4）runin的含义之一是“试车”、“试转（发动机等）”：Johnisrunninghisnewcarin.约翰正在试他的新车。Runintheenginebeforeyoustartwor