基于单片机的火灾报警器(毕业设计)

2011级毕业设计（论文）基于单片机的火灾报警器年级:学号:姓名:专业:通信工程指导老师:二零一五年六月西北民族大学本科毕业设计第II页共25页摘要随着火灾事故发生的频率逐渐升高，让很多人开始意识到防火工作重要。现在很多研发机构都重点开发一些大型场所的火灾报警器，而家庭适用的却很少。因此，我们有必要研发一种经济实用、结构简单的家庭火灾报警器来满足市场的需求。文章中设计了一种为提供家庭生活使用的火灾报警器。它以单片机作为火灾报警器的控制核心器件，采用其它器件配合即可实现声光报警的功能。火灾报警器主要由信号采集模块、GSM模块、显示模块、模数转换模块、单片机控制模块、声光报警模块构成。本设计能够对环境进行实时监控，通过液晶屏显示出来，当检测到温度或烟雾浓度超过报警临界值时能发出声光报警和远程报警。报警器经过信号采集模块采集信号后送入单片机进行判决，如果超过临界值发出报警，否则继续检测。关键字：传感器；火灾报警器；单片机；火灾安全；远程报警西北民族大学本科毕业设计第III页共25页AbstractGraduallyincreasedwiththefrequencyoffireaccident,moreandmorepeoplebegantorealizetheimportanceoftheworktopreventing.NowmanyR&Dinstitutionshavebeenfocusingonthefirealarmforsomelargesites,butrarelyforfamily.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustoresearchakindoffirealarmthateconomicalandpracticalforfamily,ithassimplestructureandlargeneedsformarket.Wedesignedthefirealarmforfamilyanddescribeitinthepaper.thefirealarmusesMCUasthecorecontroldevice,withmatchofotherdevicesitcanalarmofsoundandlight.Thefirealarmismainlycomposedofasignalacquisitionmodule,GSMmodule,displaymodule,ADCmodule,MCUcontrolmodule,asoundandlightalarm.Thisalarmcancarryoutreal-timemonitoringoftheenvironment,anddisplaythroughtheLCDscreen,whenthedetectedtemperatureorthesmokeconcentrationexceedsthealarmthresholditcansendoutsoundandlightalarmandremotealarm.ThealarmsignalgoesintothesignalacquisitionmoduleandthentotheMCUtojudge,ifthealarmexceedsthecriticalvalue,otherwiseitcontinuetotestthesignal.Keywords:sensor;firealarm;MCU;Firesafety;Remotealarm西北民族大学本科毕业设计第IV页共25页目录摘要........................................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................................II第一章前言.........................................................................................................................11.1课题设计研究的背景............................................................................................11.2课题设计研究的目的和意义................................................................................11.3课题设计研究的主要内容....................................................................................11.4课题设计研究进度计划........................................................................................2本章小结........................................................................................................................2第二章设计功能指标要求.................................................................................................3第三章设计方案.................................................................................................................43.1基本设计思路........................................................................................................43.2整体方案概述........................................................................................................43.3关键硬件及电路设计方案介绍............................................................................53.3.1STC89C52单片机........................................................................................53.3.2MQ-2烟雾传感器........................................................................................53.3.318B20温度传感器......................................................................................53.3.4ADC0832芯片..............................................................................................53.3.5GSM模块......................................................................................................6本章小结........................................................................................................................6第四章设计的具体电路.....................................................................................................74.1硬件电路设计........................................................................................................74.1.1单片机最小系统..........................................................................................74.1.2时钟电路和复位电路设计.........................................................................74.1.3显示模块......................................................................................................84.1.4声音报警电路.............................................................................................94.1.5按键控制电路..............................................................................................94.1.6电源...........................................................................................................104.2元器件选择..........................................................................................................104.2.1单片机选型...............................................................................................104.2.2烟雾传感器的选型...................................................................................114.2.3温度传感器的选型...................................................................................11..........................................................................................................