初中英语名词讲解及专项练习

1．名词（课时:2）一．介绍名词含义:名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。二．名词的分类：专有名词(人名，地名，机构)William，Linda,Canada，China，theUnitedNations,WTO普通名词可数名词:包括单数(只有一个)和复数(两个以上).不可数名词:只有单数.物质名词milk，water，tea，bread，beef,meat,rice，fish，coffee，sugar，salt抽象名词information，friendship，knowledge，work，advice，science,news,weather三．重点:单数名词变复数名词的规则：1.一般情况下，加“s”.eg:books，stamps，pens，tables2.以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，加“es”eg:buses，boxes，foxes，watches，matches，beaches，coaches,brushes3.以“o”,结尾的，加“es”or“s”eg:Negroes[ˈni:grəʊ]、heroes、volcanoes[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]、tomatoes、potatoes、radios、pianos、zoos、photos、bamboos、video需加es的记忆技巧：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）在火山上（volcano）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，把“y”变为“i”，再加“es”.eg:city--cities，country--countries，family--families,story--stories5.以“f”或“fe”结尾的，把“f”或“fe”变为“ves”。eg:thief—thieveswife—wiveslife--liveshalf—halvesleaf--leaves，knife--knives，wolf–wolves,shelf—shelves,loaf—loaves记忆技巧：贼人（thief）的妻子（wife）在她一生（life）中用半（half）片树叶（leaf）当刀子（knife）杀死了七匹狼（wolf）然后去偷架子（shelf）上的面包（loaf）。6）不规则变化：man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,child-children，ox-oxenfoot-feet，tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice，fish-fish，sheep-sheepdeer-deer，means–means，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese注意：当man/woman作定语、修饰复数名词时，man/woman与所修饰的名词要同时变为复数。例如：amanteacher---menteachers;awomanteacher---womenteachers四．重点：名词的所有格（---的）（1）单数名词词尾加's；以s结尾的单数名词，则只加’.theboy’sbag；Mary’scap；MrJames’office（2）复数名词如果不以s结尾，则加's；复数名词如果以s结尾，则只加’.theChildren’sPalacemen’sroomtheteachers’reading-room10minutes’walk（3）如果表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后面加's.如果表示各自所有，就必须在各个名字后面加's.ThisisTomandMark’sroom.TheseareTom’sandMark’srooms.（4）the+名词·of·名词thewindowsofthehousethenameofthecitythepictureoftheTom's结构也可以转换成of结构thegirl’sname--thenameofthegirlTom’sfriend--thefriendofTom（5）a+名词·of·名词's/a+名词·of·名词性物主代词(表示“其中之一”)apictureofTom’s;afriendofmine名词专项训练1．--Arethereanyinthezoo?--Yes,therearesome.A.pandaB.lionC.tigerD.deer2．Thereisonlyonedoctorandseveralnursesinthishospital.A.man/womanB.man/womenC.men/womanD.men/women3．--WhatcanIdoforyou?--I’dliketwo.A.bottleoforangejuiceB.bottleoforangejuicesC.bottlesoforangejuiceD.bottlesoforangejuices4．Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnnaandJaneB.Anna’sandJane’sC.Anna’sandJaneD.AnnaandJane’s5．We’llhaveaholiday.WhataboutgoingtotheGreatWall?A.fourdaysB.four-dayC.four-daysD.fourday’s6．Paulhasfriendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more7．Howmanycanyouseeinthepicture?A.waterB.childC.deerD.factorys8．Thisisanoldphotoofmine.AtthattimeIhad.A.shorthairsB.shorthairC.manyshorthairD.muchshorthairs9．--Wherearethe?--Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boysstudents/theB.boystudents/theC.boystudent/XD.boystudents/X10．Ihavetospeaktomygrandpaloudlybecausethere’ssomethingwrongwithhis.A.eyesB.legsC.mouthD.ears11．JennygaveusonhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.someadvicesB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.anadvice12．Wehaveboughttwoforthecomingparty.A.boxofstrawberryB.boxesofstrawberriesC.boxofstrawberriesD.boxesofstrawberry13．MrSmithisafriendof.A.John’suncleB.Johnuncle’sC.John’suncle’sD.Johnuncle14．--Wouldyouliketea?--No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo.A.any/bottleofjuiceB.some/bottlesofjuiceC.many/bottlesofjuicesD.few/bottlesofjuice15．Thesearethetoys.A.childB.childrenC.children’sD.children’16．Therearehardlyanyintherivernowbecauseofthepollution.A.duckB.fishC.gooseD.water17．Shetoldmethedaybeforeyesterday.A.agoodnewsB.suchagoodnewsC.sogoodanewsD.apieceofgoodnews18．Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotoftodo.A.worksB.jobC.workD.working19．Thereallkindsofinthisshop.A.are/watchesB.be/watchesC.is/watchesD.be/watch20．Thereareonthedesk.A.apaperB.somepapersC.apieceofpaperD.somepiecesofpaper21．I’dlike,please.A.twobottleofbeerB.twobottleofbeersC.twobottlesofbeerD.twobottlesofbeers22．Thesearebackpacks.A.LilyandLucyB.LilyandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucyD.Lily’sandLucy’s23．We’llhavethissummer.A.atwomonthsvacationB.twomonthsvacationC.atwo-monthsvacationD.atwo-monthvacation24．Igototheonceamonth.A.barberB.barbersC.barber’sD.barbers’25．Iwanttoknowopinion.A.everyone’selseB.everyoneelseC.everyoneelse’sD.everyoneelses’26．Iwalkedintotheoffice,andputtheletteronmydesk.A.teacher’s/teacher’sB.teachers’/teachers’C.teacher’s/teachers’D.teachers’/teacher’s27．There’snoformorecarsintheparkinglot.Itistoocrowded.A.roomB.roomsC.houseD.houses28．Myshoeswerewornout,soIdecidedtobuyanew.A.showB.shoesC.pairD.one29．Couldyouspeakinaloud?Ican’thearyouclearly.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.throat30．Onlyonehasbeenchosen.Idon’tknowwhetheritisamanorawoman.A.peopleB.personC.manD.woman31.YoucangetmuchabouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information32.AlltheteachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.womenDBCDBCCBDDCBCBCBDCADCDDCCDACABDD