bullying-论文-完整

1BullyinginschoolsEverydaythousandsofteenswakeupafraidtogotoschool.Bullyingisaproblemthataffectsmillionsofstudents,andithaseveryoneworried,notjustthekidsonitsreceivingend.Yetbecauseparents,teachers,andotheradultsdon'talwaysseeit,theymaynotunderstandhowextremebullyingcanget.Bullyingiswhenapersonispickedonoverandoveragainbyanindividualorgroupwithmorepower,eitherintermsofphysicalstrengthorsocialstanding.Bullyinghasbeen,andcontinuestobe,amajorproblemforchildren.Bullyinginschoolisanage-oldproblemanduntilrecently.However,recentschoolviolencecaseshighlighttheseriousandsometimedeadlyconsequencesofbullyingbehavior.Bullyingbecomesmoreandmoreseriousaroundtheword.Severalyearsago,ashockingreportwasreleasedsayingthatacollegestudentnamedMaJiajuekilledallhisroommatesbecausehecouldnotbeartheirhumiliationanymore.ThisnewstotallyastonishedalltheChinese.One16-year-oldgirlwhohadbeenbulliedatschoolbyfellowstudentssaysthatshebecameabullyherselfwhenintheseventhgrade.Sheadmits:“Basicallyitwasalotofangerbuildingupinsideofme;Ijustpickedonanybodyandeverybody.Feelingpainisabigthing.Onceyoufeelthepain,youwanttodishitout.”Whilesuchphysicalaggressionmaynotbetypicalofgirlbullies,theangerbehinditis.Manyschoolsbringtogetherlargenumbersofstudentsfromdifferentbackgrounds,whohavebeenrearedinwidelyvaryingways.Sadly,somechildrenareaggressivebecausetheyhavebeentaughtathomethatintimidatingothersandverballyabusingthemarethebestmeansofgettingtheirownway.Unfortunately,suchmethodsoftenseemtowork.ShelleyHymel,associateeducationdeanattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada,hasbeenstudyingchildbehaviorfortwodecades.Shesays:“We’vegotkidswhoarefiguringouthowtoplaythegameandunfortunately,bullyingworks.Theygetwhattheywant—theygetpower,statusandattention.”2Anotherfactorthathelpsbullyingtothriveisalackofsupervision.Manyvictimsfeelthattheyhavenoplacetoturn—andthetragedyisthatinmostcasestheyareright.DebraPepler,directoroftheLaMarshCentreforResearchonViolenceandConflictResolutionatToronto’sYorkUniversity,studiedstudentsinaschool-yardsituationandfoundthatteachersdetectandstoponlyabout4percentofbullyingincidents.Yet;Dr.Peplerbelievesthatinterventioniscrucial.Shesays:“Childrenareincapableofsolvingtheproblembecauseit’saboutpower,andeachtimeabullypicksonsomeone,thebully’spowerisenforced.”Howmightchildrenwhoarebeingbulliedbeidentified?Well,theymaybecomemoody,irritable,frustrated,oracttiredandwithdrawn.Theymaybecomeaggressivewiththoseathomeorwithpeersandfriends.Innocentbystanderswhoobserveactsofbullyingalsosufferconsequences.Theconsequencesofbullyingaresignificantbothtothechildrenwhoarethetargetsofbullying,thosewhodothebullyingandeventhespectator.Studentswhoareseverelyandrepeatedbulliedoftendonotwanttogotoschoolandbecomemorelonelyandisolated.Sincebullyinghasbecomemoreintenseandmoreaggressivemaydamagechildren’sself-esteem,causingemotionalwound.Thissortofvictimizationcanleadtodamagedself-esteem,anxietyandpanicattacks,depression,andsuicidalthoughts.Thesituationinducesconsiderablefearinthem,whichdetractsfromtheirabilitytolearn.However,thejournalPediatricsinReviewsays:“Themostextremeconsequenceofbullyingforvictimsandsocietyisviolence,includingsuicideandmurder.Thesenseofpowerlessnessexperiencedbychildrenwhoarevictimizedcanbesoprofoundthatsomereactwithself-destructiveactsorlethalretaliation.”Dr.EdAdlaf,aresearchscientistandprofessorofpublichealthsciencesattheUniversityofToronto,expressesconcernthat“thosewhoareinvolvedinbullyingaremuchmorelikelytoexperienceemotionaldifficultiesnowandinthefuture.”Duringthe2001schoolyear,morethan225,000Ontariostudentsweresurveyed,andbetweenonefourthandonethirdofthemwereinvolvedinsomeformofbullying,eitherasatargetorasaperpetrator.Inthesamegroup,1in10hadseriouslycontemplatedsuicide.Persistentbullyingmayerodeavictim’sself-confidence,induceserioushealth3problems,andevenruinacareer.Bulliedindividualsmayexperienceheadaches,sleeplessness,anxiety,anddepression.Somedeveloppost-traumaticstressdisorder.Whereasphysicalattacksmaybringonanoutpouringofsympatheticsupportforthevictim,emotionalattacksmaynotelicitthesameresponse.Thedamageisfarlessapparent.Soinsteadofsympathizing,friendsandfamilymaytireofhearingthevictim’scomplaints.Bullyingalsohasbadeffectsonthebulliesthemselves.Ifnotstoppedinchildhood,theywilllikelygrowuptobullyothersintheworkplace.Infact,somestudiesrevealthatthosewhohadbeenbulliesaschildrendevelopedbehaviorpatternsthatenduredintoadultlife.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveacriminalrecordthanthosewhowerenotbullies.Afteranalysisthiscasesaboutschoolbullying,Irealizedthatschoolbullyinghasseveralreasons.AndIconsiderithastwomainreasons.Firstarebulliesandthevictims`characteristics.Secondaretheirlivingconditions.Myreasonstosupportmyopinionsareasfollows:Constantself-surrenderisinevitablebetweenstudentsofbullying.Forstudents,bybullieswithoutprovocationisnotacceptable.It’snecessarytoimprovethecultivationofstudents'protectconsciousness;encouragethemtomaintaintheirownthinking.Butwefoundindailylife,manystudentscanonlybeself-surrenderwhentheyaresubjectedtootherpeople’sbu