stream-of-consciousness

•StreamofConsciousness•Thetermstream-of-consciousnesswhichwascoinedbyWilliamJamesinPrinciplesofPsychology(1890)isusedtoindicatealiteraryapproachtothepresentationofpsychologicalaspectsofcharactersinfiction•.Itpresentsunspokenmaterialsdirectlyfromthepsycheofthecharacters,ormakethecharacterstelltheirowninnerthoughtsinmonologuesTherealmoflifewithwhichstream-of-consciousnessnovelisconcernedismentalandspiritualexperience,suchassensations,memories,imaginations,conceptions,intuitions,feelingsandtheprocessofassociation.•MarcelProust,JamesJoyce,VirginiaWoolfandWilliamFaulknerareusuallyregardedasthemostprominentstream-of-consciousnessnovelists.Faulkner’sTheSoundandtheFuryplaysaveryimportantroleinthestream-of-consciousnessnovels.Hehadopenedupanewareaoflifefornovelbyaddingmentalfunctioningandpsychicexistencetofictionandbycreatinganovelcenteredonthecoreofhumanexperience.definition•Inliterarycriticism,streamofconsciousnessisanarrativemodethatseekstoportrayanindividual'spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter'sthoughtprocesses,eitherinalooseinteriormonologue,orinconnectiontohisorheractions.•意识流文学泛指注重描绘人物意识流动状态的文学作品，既包括清醒的意识，更包括无意识、梦幻意识和语言前意识。streamofconsciousnessreferstothecontentorthesubject-matterofaliterarywork.itreferstothespecifically-described，theme-reflectingperceptuallifeandpsychologicalphenomenoncontainedinaliterarywork．features•interiormonologue;•freeassociation;•inversionoftimeandspace.interiormonologue•Stream-of-consciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow.•Instreamofconsciousness,thespeaker'sthoughtprocessesaremoreoftendepictedasoverheardinthemind(oraddressedtooneself)•在假定没有其他人倾听的情况下，一个人物把自己的所感所思毫无顾忌的直接表露出来，就是“内心独白”。•theportrayalofindividualconsciousness•theportrayalofgroupconsciousness.•Streamofconsciousnessemphasizestheoriginofanarrativefrominsidethemindofasinglecharacter,ratherthanfromanobjective,distanced,thirdpartyfreeassociation•Stream-of-consciousnessnarration:Thenarratorconveysasubject’sthoughts,impressions,andperceptionsexactlyastheyoccur,oftenindisjointedfashionandwithoutthelogicandgrammaroftypicalspeechandwriting.•writteninthefirstperson,itcan,bymeansoffreeindirectdiscoursebewritteninthethirdpersonStreamofconsciousnessworkstakeastheobjectofpresentationtheincoherentandaimlessconsciousnessactivitiesyondtheconsciouscontrolofhumanbeing'sason.[时间和空间蒙太奇]•蒙太奇是电影中用来表现事物多重性的一系列手法，如“多视角”、“慢镜头”、“特写镜头”、“闪回”等等。意识流小说家为了突破时空的限制，表现意识流动的多变性、复杂性，经常采用这类手法。•Ratherthansummarizingwhatthecharacterssee,think,anddo,reportingfromtheoutside,ortidyingupacharacter’sthoughtsintostandard,clearsentences,authortriestogivethereaderanimpressionofwhatitisliketobeinsidethecharacters’heads.forcesustosiftthroughaflowofsenseimpressions,inchoateemotions,andmemories,justasthecharactersthemselvesareforcedtodo.•acombinationofthought,sensation,memory,description,action,andspeech,separatewhatispurely“internal”andwhatisacombinationof“internal”and“external.”authoristryingtogiveamorerealisticpictureofpsychologythanhadeverbeforebeenpresentedinfiction.[诗化和音乐化]•意识流小说家为了加强象征性的效果，有时采用诗歌和音乐的手段。他们广泛运用意象比喻、乐章结构、节奏韵律、标点符号甚至离奇的拼写方式来暗示人物在某一瞬间的感受、印象、精神状态或作品寓意。•Thelackofsomepunctuationinstreamofconsciousnessnarrativesaccentuatestherapidityofthethoughtsandthemeansbywhichtheyflowintooneanother.Italsogivesasenseofrealtime—asthoughauthorishavingthethoughtsatthesamespeedatwhichwereadthem.Theend