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非谓语动词V-ing形式不定式过去分词1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的:2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主格.eg:Thewomanlookaroundtheshop,keepinganeyeonherbaby.Springcoming,theflowersarecomingout.Hearingtheexcitingnews,everybodywasexcited.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heisquitefamiliarwiththeplace.Thepolicemanenteredthedarkroom,guninhand.独立主格结构:形式:n\pron+其他成分(doing\done\todo\n.\adj.\adv\介词短语)在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子,相当于状语,表示时间、原因、条件、或伴随等情况。1.ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.2.Thesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.3.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwithcold.4.Hesatinthechair,bookinhandandpipeinmouth.原因时间伴随伴随n.\pron.+doing/todo/done___________________(因为他很诚实),welikehim.____________________,Ihadagoodrest.(所有的窗子都擦完了)_______________________,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.(正讨论这个问题时)HebeinghonestAllthewindowscleanedThequestionbeingdiscussed大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”来代替。1)Helaythere,hishandsbehindhishead.(=withhishandsbehindhishead)非谓语动词的独立主格结构:“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。1.不定式构成的独立主格结构(表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中做原因状语、条件状语)Lotsofhomeworktobedone,Ihavetostayathome.2.动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构:如动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就要用动词-ing形式的独立主格结构(在句中常做时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语)1)表时间Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.2)表方式或伴随Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.表原因Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.=Astheguideledtheway,……表条件:Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachnow.(=Ifweatherpermits…)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(=Ifsuchisthecase…)3.动词-ed形式构成的独立主格结构(是由逻辑主语+动词-ed形式构成,常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语)1)表时间Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.=Thetaskhavingbeencompleted…=Afterthetaskwascompleted,…2)表方式或伴随Whenintrouble,Tomwouldsitalone,headbent.3)表原因Thousandsofeyesfixeduponher,Maryfeltonedge.4).表条件Moretimeandmoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.(=Ifmoretimeandmoneyaregiven,……)注意:1.不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生2.动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或状态3.动词-ed形式表示已经完成和被动的行为1.Somanywindowstoclean,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.2.Allthewindowscleaned,Ihadagoodrest.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussed,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.将要完成、被动进行独立主格结构中的being和havingbeen常省略1)。Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.2).Nobody(being)in,Ididn’tenterthehall.3).Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.4).Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.注意:1.)当独立主格中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”,being此时不可省。Foodbeingcooked,Ifellasleep.2).当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时,being常不省。Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.Therebeingnotimeleft,wehadtospeedup.1.Whilewalkingontheplayground,_____.A.aballhitmeB.myheadwashitbyaballC.IwashitbyaballD.hewasbadlywounded2._____,hewentouttoplaybasketball.A.TheexercisedoneB.ontheexercisesC.HavingbeendonetheexercisesD.Theexerciseshavingfinished3._______,therewardwasgiventohim.A.BeinghonestB.AsanhonestboyC.HebeinghonestD.Hewashonest4.__________nobus,wehadtogohomebybus.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.Therewas5_____fine,wewentoutforapicnic.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.Itwas1如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城。Weatherpermitting,we’llgotovisittheGreatWall.2他开着窗睡着了。Hefellasleepwiththewindowopen.3所有的书都卖光了,他们只好回家。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,hehadtogohome4房子里有两个房间,小的那个当书房Therearetworoomsinthehouse,thesmallerofthemservingasastudyroom.5昨天晚上那里起火了,有几个人丧生,大多数逃离了火海Afirebrokeoutlastnight,afewmenkilled,mostbeingabletoescapefromthefire
本文标题:独立主格结构讲解
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