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当前位置:首页 > 医学/心理学 > 药学 > 《礼记·大学》全文(现代文注释)英文对照
大学theGreatLearning大学之道,在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善。知止而后有定,定而后能静,静而后能安,安而后能虑,虑而后能得。物有本末,事有终始,知所先后,则近道矣。文的根本宗旨,就是弘扬本性中光明正大的品德,将以身作则使普通的人知道去垢显真的道理,并达到至善完美的境界作为最高的人生目的。只要明确人生目的就能意志坚定;只要意志坚定就能够镇静不乱;只有镇静不乱才能够心平气和;只有心平气和才能够深思远虑;深思远虑必然有所获益。万物都有主干和枝节,万事都有起始和结束。知道那主体与客体的关系,了解那万事万物发展的主次关系、时空顺序、相互联系,这就接近了解“道”的本质了。WhattheGreatLearningteaches,istoillustrateillustriousvirtue;torenovatethepeople;andtorestinthehighestexcellence.Thepointwheretorestbeingknown,theobjectofpursuitisthendetermined;and,thatbeingdetermined,acalmunperturbednessmaybeattainedto.Tothatcalmnesstherewillsucceedatranquilrepose.Inthatreposetheremaybecarefuldeliberation,andthatdeliberationwillbefollowedbytheattainmentofthedesiredend.Thingshavetheirrootandtheirbranches.Affairshavetheirendandtheirbeginning.ToknowwhatisfirstandwhatislastwillleadneartowhatistaughtintheGreatLearning.古之欲明明德于天下者,先治其国;欲治其国者,先齐其家;欲齐其家者,先修其身;欲修其身者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先诚其意;欲诚其意者,先致其知,致知在格物。物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。自天子以至于庶人,壹是皆以修身为本。其本乱而末治者否矣,其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚,未之有也!此谓知本,此谓知之至也。古往今来的圣贤为了使天下正大光明,往往会先治理好自己的属国;而想治理好自己的属国,往往会先管理好自己的家族;想管理好自己的家族,就必须先竭力提升自己的品行;而提升自己的品行的关键就是使自己的思想摆正;想端正自己的思想,就必须表现出虔敬般真诚;想要表现出虔敬般真诚,就必须获得真正的智识;获得真正的智识的方法,就是观察与研究万事万物并总结出其中的规律;知晓了规律后就自然得到了如何面对纷纭世界的智识;得到了智识就会更加虔敬,虔敬真诚就会成为正人君子;成为正人君子就更注重修身养性;修身养性使品德高尚;品德高尚自然使家族安定;家族安定后管理属国就举重若轻;管理属国就举重若轻后治理天下,天下自然太平。从天子到平民,都是以修身养性为人生的根本,从来没有听说过忽略此根本就将天下治理好的事发生。努力加厚的地方却越来越薄,努力变薄的地方却越来越厚,从来没有发生过这样的事。想做好事但本末倒置,目的明确却不分轻重缓急,这样的结果只能是事与愿违。Theancientswhowishedtoillustrateillustriousvirtuethroughoutthekingdom,firstorderedwelltheirownstates.Wishingtoorderwelltheirstates,theyfirstregulatedtheirfamilies.Wishingtoregulatetheirfamilies,theyfirstcultivatedtheirpersons.Wishingtocultivatetheirpersons,theyfirstrectifiedtheirhearts.Wishingtorectifytheirhearts,theyfirstsoughttobesincereintheirthoughts.Wishingtobesincereintheirthoughts,theyfirstextendedtotheutmosttheirknowledge.Suchextensionofknowledgelayintheinvestigationofthings.Thingsbeinginvestigated,knowledgebecamecomplete.Theirknowledgebeingcomplete,theirthoughtsweresincere.Theirthoughtsbeingsincere,theirheartswerethenrectified.Theirheartsbeingrectified,theirpersonswerecultivated.Theirpersonsbeingcultivated,theirfamilieswereregulated.Theirfamiliesbeingregulated,theirstateswererightlygoverned.Theirstatesbeingrightlygoverned,thewholekingdomwasmadetranquilandhappy.FromtheSonofHeavendowntothemassofthepeople,allmustconsiderthecultivationofthepersontherootofeverythingbesides.Itcannotbe,whentherootisneglected,thatwhatshouldspringfromitwillbewellordered.Itneverhasbeenthecasethatwhatwasofgreatimportancehasbeenslightlycaredfor,and,atthesametime,thatwhatwasofslightimportancehasbeengreatlycaredfor.所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也,如恶恶臭,如好好色,此之谓自谦,故君子必慎其独也!小人闲居为不善,无所不至,见君子而后厌然,掩其不善,而着其善。人之视己,如见其肺肝然,则何益矣!此谓诚于中,形于外,故君子必慎其独也。曾子曰:“十目所视,十手所指,其严乎!”富润屋,德润身,心广体胖,故君子必诚其意。使意念真诚的意思是说,不要自己欺骗自己。要像厌恶腐臭的气味一样,要像喜爱美丽的女人一样,一切都发自内心。所以,品德高尚的人哪怕是在一个人独处的时候,也一定要谨慎。品德低下的人在私下里无恶不作,一见到品德高尚的人便躲躲闪闪,掩盖自己所做的坏事而自吹自擂。殊不知,别人看你自己,就像能看见你的心肺肝脏一样清楚,掩盖有什么用呢?这就叫做内心的真实一定会表现到外表上来。所以,品德高尚的人哪怕是在一个人独处的时候,也一定要谨慎。曾子说:“十只眼睛看着,十只手指着,这难道不令人畏惧吗?!”财富可以装饰房屋,品德却可以修养身心,使心胸宽广而身体舒泰安康。所以,品德高尚的人一定要使自己的意念真诚。Whatismeantbymakingthethoughtssincere.istheallowingnoself-deception,aswhenwehateabadsmell,andaswhenwelovewhatisbeautiful.Thisiscalledself-enjoyment.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhenheisalone.Thereisnoeviltowhichthemeanman,dwellingretired,willnotproceed,butwhenheseesasuperiorman,heinstantlytriestodisguisehimself,concealinghisevil,anddisplayingwhatisgood.Theotherbeholdshim,asifhesawhisheartandreins;-ofwhatuseishisdisguise?Thisisaninstanceofthesaying-Whattrulyiswithinwillbemanifestedwithout.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustbewatchfuloverhimselfwhenheisalone.ThediscipleZengsaid,Whatteneyesbehold,whattenhandspointto,istoberegardedwithreverence!Richesadornahouse,andvirtueadornstheperson.Themindisexpanded,andthebodyisatease.Therefore,thesuperiormanmustmakehisthoughtssincere.《诗》云:“瞻彼淇澳,菉竹猗猗。有斐君子,如切如磋,如琢如磨。瑟兮僩兮,赫兮喧兮。有斐君子,终不可諠兮!”“如切如磋”者,道学也;“如琢如磨”者,自修也;“瑟兮僩兮”者,恂栗也;“赫兮喧兮”者,威仪也;“有斐君子,终不可諠兮”者,道盛德至善,民之不能忘也。《诗》云:“於戏!前王不忘。”君子贤其贤而亲其亲,小人乐其乐而利其利,此以没世不忘也。《诗经》说:“看那弯弯的淇水岸边,翠竹郁郁葱葱。文质彬彬的君子,不断切磋,反复琢磨。他开朗而庄重,仪表堂堂。这样的君子,真是令人难忘!”这里所说的“不断切磋”,是指求道的态度;“反复琢磨”,是指自我修炼的精神;说他“开朗而庄重”,是指他内心谨慎而有所戒惧;说他“仪表堂堂”,是指他非常威严;说“这样一个君子,可真是令人难忘啊!”是指由于他品德非常高尚,达到了最完善的境界,所以使人难以忘怀。《诗经》说:“啊啊,前代的圣君真使人难忘啊!”这是因为明君圣贤能够以前代的圣君王为榜样,尊重其应该尊重的,亲近其应该亲近的,平民百姓也都蒙受恩泽,享受到他们能够享受的,获得其能够获得的。所以虽然前代圣君已经去世,但大家还是不会忘记他。IntheBookofPoetry,itissaid,LookatthatwindingcourseoftheQi,withthegreenbamboossoluxuriant!Hereisourelegantandaccomplishedprince!Aswecutandthenfile;aswechiselandthengrind:sohashecultivatedhimself.Howgraveisheanddignified!Howmajesticanddistinguished!Ourelegantandaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten.Thatexpression-Aswecutandthenfile,theworkoflearning.Aswechiselandthengrind,indicatesthatofself-culture.Howgraveisheanddignified!indicatesthefeelingofcautiousreverence.Howcommandinganddistinguished!indicatesanawe-inspiringdeportment.Ourelegantandaccomplishedprincenevercanbeforgotten,indicateshow,whenvirtueiscompleteandexcellenceextreme,thepeoplec
本文标题:《礼记·大学》全文(现代文注释)英文对照
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