现在分词复习课

ThePresentParticiple（现在分词）Leaningaim:mastertheusagesofthepresentparticiple.一、动词的–ing形式概念动词的–ing形式包括两种:①现在分词具有形容词和副词特征可作定语、状语、宾补、表语②动名词具有名词特征可作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。Therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass.（表语）（定语）Feelingthelessonboring,thestudentsaresleepy.Thestudentsfeelthelessonboring.Thelessonisboring.（宾补）（状语）语态类别时态vt.主动语态被动语态现在分词V-ing一般式(与谓语动词同时发生)完成式(先与谓语动词之前发生)二、时态和语态doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生.Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去.完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作业，他开始打篮球2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要。完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。1Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.______________________,theycouldn’thelpcrying.2Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed=_____________,youwillsucceed.3Thebuilding_____________willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.(paint)HearingthebadnewsWorkinghardbeingpainted4Iadmiredherwritingformanyyears.ThenIfinallymether._______________________formanyyears,Ifinallymether.5IwasinterestedinCanadaformanyyears.ThenIdecidedtolearnitslanguage._____________________inCanadaformanyyears,Idecidedtolearnitslanguage.6___________________thelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.(show)HavingadmiredherwritingHavingbeeninterestedHavingbeenshownaninterestingbookboilingwaterfallingleavestheboysittingbythewindowthebridgebeingbuiltnow一本有趣的书正在沸腾的水正在飘落的树叶坐在窗口的男孩正在被建的桥现在分词与动名词作定语的区别现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,可以改成相应的定语从句，而动名词表示名词的用途,不可以改成定语从句.afishingboyafishingnetaboywhoisfishinganetforfishing(2)awalkingstick(1)awalkingman=amanwhoiswalking=astickforwalkingWhat’sthedifferencebetween(1)and(2)?-ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.(Intheyears____________;)在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.(theman___________________________)正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。thatfollowedwhoisspeakingtotheteacherThepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers.TheexpertcomingfromHengshuiisaladycalledMissWang.=Thepeople_____________________usareallteachers.=Theexpert_______________________isaladycalledMissWang.whoaresittingbehindwhocomesfromHengshui现在分词与过去分词,不定式作定语的区别①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。beingbuiltnow(正在被建)thehousetobebuiltnextyear(将要被建)builtlastyear(建好了)2现在分词作表语：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。YourjourneyinCanadaisreallyexciting.Whatyoudidwasdisappointing.ThenightmareIhadlastnightwasveryfrightening.现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征,相当于形容词,含有“令人...,其主语通常是物.3、宾语补足语：现在分词做宾语补足语常用在see,watch,feel,hear,find,keep,notice,have等词的后面。Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hesawpeoplecomingandgoing.特殊的两个区别：1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。现在分词：动作正在进行。不定式：动作的全过程。试比较：1.Iheardhersingingasongjustnow.(正在进行的动作)2.Iheardhersingasongjustnow.(听见全过程)1.Sixtymillionpeople_____(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Thebottle_________(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelab.3.Ourtripwas______________(disappoint).Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants.PracticelivingcontainingFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.disappointing4.Isawthem______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.5.Thenewswas__________(shock).Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm.forcingshocking4.现在分词作状语1).作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句(常同连词when,after,while,once,until等连用)注：当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when,after等引导的时间状语从句互换Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Beingastudent,Imustworkhard.Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Because/As/Sincehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=BecauseIamastudent,Imustworkhard.3.作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Puttingmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious.=Ifyouputmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious.当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换4.作伴随状语,相当于并列句Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,———————————（非限制性定语从句）whichmakestheairdirty5.作结果状语Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke.___________theairismadedirty.Asaresult,当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句例：Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,causinghertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,____________hertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday.____________,shekeepsaslimfigure.whichcausesAsaresult-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：6.作让步状语=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.1V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前Notknowingwhattodo,weaskedhimforhelp.Nothavingbeendone,thebridgehasn’tcomeintousesofar.Youshouldnottakeanythingnotbelongingtoyou注意:2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时