不定式与动名词的区别

动词不定式和动名词是英语非谓语动词的两个重要部分一、作主语1、不定式作主语：动词不定式可直接用作主语,句子的谓语动词常用单数。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.对于主语较长的不定式，可以用it作形式主语。例如：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.HowlongdidittakeyoutofinishtheworkItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.2、动名词作主语：动名词也可直接用作主语，或者用it作形式主语。例如：Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.It'snogoodreadingindimlight.It'snousesittingherewaiting.It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.3、动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，或者表示将要进行的动作。而动名词作主语经常表示抽象的一般性的动作。例如：It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.(有具体的人foryou)It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.(泛指)(2)不定式的逻辑主语常用of,for表示；动名词逻辑主语则常用物主代词、名词、代词表示。例如：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.(ofyou)It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.(your)Thedoctorsuggestedthemhavingtheirhealthcheck-uponceayear.二、作宾语1、不定式作宾语(1)以下动词后,一般只用不定式作宾语.如:agree,attempt，apply，ask,aim,arrange,beg，choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wishafford等。Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.(2)不定式可先用it做形式宾语。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.2、动名词作宾语(1)以下动词后,一般只用动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.(2)介词后只能接动名词做宾语Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech(3)少数特殊结构中只用动名词做宾语。它们可以看作是省略的介词的形式。例如：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.havenotrouble(in)doingsth.losenotime(in)doingsth.prevent/stop…(from)doingsth.thereisnouse(in)doingsth.3、不定式与动名词做宾语的区别(1)动词后是接不定式还是动名词作宾语，主要是根据使用习惯。有些动词后一般只接不定式作宾语，而另一些则只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(2)介词后只能接动名词作宾语；还有少数结构后只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(3)在need,want,require等后表示被动意义时，不定式要用被动语态，而动名词不需要。例如：Mybikeneedstoberepaired.Mybikeneedsrepairing.(4)英语中，有些动词动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，意义区别不大，如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等.但在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:*would(should)与hate,like,love连用时：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.*当begin,continue,start等是进行式时Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.*当begin,continue,start与know,understand等连用时：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4、部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大。(1)forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:Don'tforgetfoposttheletterforme.(信还没有寄出)HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport(已见过她)Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.(窗户还没有关)Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.(信已写过)Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.(2)meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.(3)trytodo设法尽力做某事/trydoing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.(4)stoptodo停下当前事去做另一件事/stopdoing停止当前事Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.(5)can'thelpdoing禁不住……/can'thelptodo不能帮助干……Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews.SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.(6)goontodo去做另外一件/goondoing继续做此事Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势.We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.(7)leaveofftodo去做另外一件事/leaveoffdoing停下当前事It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.Theyleftofftogofishing.三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.四、作定语1、不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.HaveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursisterDoyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestionWouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteonMywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.2、动名词作定语时，放在修饰的名词前面。Thispassagecanbeusedaslisteningmaterials.Thereadingroomofourschoollibrarycanhold800people.Allmovingbodieshaveenergy.注意：下一句中的standing不是动名词，而现在分词短语：hemanstandingattheschoolgateisProfessorHua.五、不定式作补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语，而动名词不用作宾语补足语有些情况下不定式的to可以省略。1、不定式作宾语补足语常用不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(强迫),encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等，以及短语动词有:askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfor,preparefor,wishfor等。WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMaryIwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.Ididn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxformI'veneverknownher(to)belatebefore.HewasknowntohavebeentoFrancebefore.Youmaydependonthemtobethereearly.ThePartycallsonustoincre