初中英语讲义(教案)：-初二英语--时态讲解--一般过去时

一般过去时语法专项一、（1）专题讲解1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。2、时间状语：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning,justnow,amomentago,twodaysago,lastnight/year/week,before11:00,inthepast，atthattime等3、使用情况：（1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotupat7:00yesterday.我昨天7点起床。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年他总是乘公交车去上班。4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式：（1)、结构一（谓语动词为be动词时）肯定句：主语+be(was，were)+其它.（注：am,is→was,are→were）否定句：主语+be+not+其它.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?e.g.Iwaslateyesterday.e.g.TheywereinBeijinglastyear.Iwasnotlateyesterday.Theyweren’tinBeijinglastyear.Wereyoulateyesterday？WeretheyinBeijinglastyear？Yes,Iwas.Yes,theywere.No,Iwasn't.No,theyweren’tam和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）(2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时）(注意：情态动词can,may,haveto等等。）肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它.否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它.一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它?E.g.Theoldmancouldswim30yearsago.Theoldmancouldn’tswim30yearsago.Couldtheoldmanswim30yearsago?Yes,hecould.No,hecouldn’t.常用情态动词过去式如下：can—could（能，会）may―might（可以）haveto―hadto（不得不）shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数will―would（将要）用于所有人称(3)、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时）肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？E.g.LiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning.E.g.Weoftenplayedtennisinthepast.LiMingdidn'tstudyEnglishthismorning.Wedidn'toftenplaytennisinthepast.DidLiMingstudyEnglishthismorning？Didyouoftenplaytennisinthepast?Yes,hedid.Yes,wedid.No,hedidn't.No,wedidn't.注：1.谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词did来帮忙（过去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或didnot）2.前面出现了助动词，后面的动词一律用原形。3.变一般疑问句时，一问一答的关系当中，第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句：结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？E.g.Wherewereyoulastnight？WhatdidJimdoyesterday?Wheredidyouwalktoyesterday？1、动词过去式的规则变化Howdidyoufindthejob?6、动词的过去式(1)、一般词尾加-edstay--stayedhelp--helpedask--askedlook--lookedwatch--watched(2）、以e结尾的只加-dhope--hopedlove--loveddance--dancedlive→lived（3）、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-edStop--stoppedplan--planneddrop--droppedbeg--begged（4)、“辅音字母+y”尾，变y为i,再加-edcarry--carriedstudy--studiedhurry--hurried2、动词过去式的不规则变化（见书后表格）7、口诀：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。（2）变式练习一、写出下列动词的过去式is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink________play_______go________make_______does________dance_______worry________ask_______taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw______kick_________pass_______do________二、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.二、巩固练习一、句型变换。1、Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：___________________________________________一般疑问句：_______________________________________肯定回答：_________________________________________否定回答：_________________________________________2Theyplayedfootballontheplayground.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：______________________________________肯定回答：________________________________________否定回答：________________________________________二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tothezooyesterday,Tom_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I__________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What_________she_________(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.It_________(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday10.Weall_________(have)agoodtimelastnight.三、拓展训练一、句型转换。1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy_______________herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)________he________________meatinthefridge?3、Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）________________________she_______there?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)_______there_______orangeinthecup?二、单项选择：1．Myfather＿＿illyesterday．A．isn'tB．aren'tC．wasn'tD．weren't2．＿yourparentsathomelastweek﹖A．IsB．WasC．AreD．Were3．Thetwins＿＿＿inDalianlastyear．They＿＿＿herenow．A．are;wereB．were;areC．was;areD．were;was4．＿＿＿yourfatheratworktheday＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖A．Was;beforeB．Is;beforeC．was;areD．were;was5．—WhowasondutylastFriday﹖—＿＿＿＿＿＿．A．IamB．IwasC．Yes,IwasD．No,Iwasn't三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)2.What______you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)3.They______(make)akiteaweekago.4.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)5._____he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)6.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_______(do)Chinesedances.7.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.家庭作业一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式go______________enjoy______________buy______________eat______________get______________walk______________take______________dance__________