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虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:1.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/wouldrather/It’shightime…/Ifonly…/lest)一.三种基本形态(1)表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在:did/werewould(should,might,could)+do过去:haddone/hadbeenwould(should/might/could)+havedone(been)将来:wereto/should+dowould(should,might,could)+do三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)与现在事实相反:IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.与过去事实相反:IfIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtabook.与将来事实相反:IfIweretohaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.IfIshouldhaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)HadIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtabook.WereItohaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.ShouldIhaveenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyabook.三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)IfIhadstudiedEnglishatschool,IcouldreadtheEnglishnovelnow.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)Ifshewerenotsocareless,shewouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)3.虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural等)that...”中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们现在有必要出去散散步。WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?Butfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetask.Butthatthedoctorarrivedontimethatday,theywouldhavebeendead.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavebeenabletofinishthetest.五、跳层虚拟句(即句子一半为虚拟,另一半为陈述语气;but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟)(but)Hewouldputonweight,buthedoesn'teatmuch.(与现在事实相反)Hewouldhaveputonweight,buthedidn'teatmuch.(与过去事实相反)(or,orelse,otherwise)IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orIwouldshowittoyounow.(与现在事实相反)Marycouldn'thavereceivedmyletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.(与过去事实相反)六、名词从句虚拟语气(1)ask,advise,beg,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,require,recommend,request,suggest,urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,eg.Isuggest/suggestedthatwe(should)gotomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气(2)Itis+(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词:astonishing,amazing,advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable,essential,important,imperative,keen,necessary,natural,normal,odd,proper,preferable,strange,sorry,shocked,surprising,urgent,unusual,vital等。名词从句虚拟语气(3)过去分词:decided,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,recommended,suggested等;名词:advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,pray,resolution,wish,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,idea,order等七、其它虚拟语气Wish…IwishIknewtheanswer.(与现在事实相反)IwishIhadknowntheanswer.(与过去事实相反)Iwishyouwouldshutup.(与将来事实相反)Ifonly…IfonlyIweretaller.(与现在事实相反)Ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice!(与过去事实相反)Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(与将来事实相反)Itis(high/about)time…Itistimeyouthoughtaboutyourfuture.wouldrather…Iwouldratheryoudidn’tspeakrudelytoher.(与现在事实相反)I’dratheryouhadn’tspokenrudelytoher.(与过去事实相反)Lest…,incase…,forfearthat…(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟),这是因它们答案特征相同,即(should)+动词原形。eg.Hetookhisumbrellalestitshouldrain.大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词(名词,动词,形容词,分词等)以及lest.2.一般过去时:wish/Ifonly…/wouldrather/It’stime(high/about)that….3.基本形式(主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)4.倒装的两个时间:与过去,与将来相反;三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写,if省去;5.but/or/orelse/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should+do(其中should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括:(1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。(2)四级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer(宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。(3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge(极力主张)、vote(提议)等。例句:Irecommendthatyoubediligentifyouwanttopasstheexam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例):(1)Iadvisethatwestayandwaithere.(动词后的宾语从句)(2)Itisadvisedthatwestayhere.(Itis+动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)(3)Itisadvisablethatwestayhere.(Itis+由该动词派生的形容词+that引导的主语从句)(4)Myadviceisthatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句)(5)Iofferedtheadvicethatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句)(6)Ithinkitadvisablethatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should+do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should可以省略。由上类动词派生的常考名词有:advice(忠告)、deciion(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、order(命令)、preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(劝告)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。相关的形容词或过去分词有:advisable(合理的)、desired(期望的)、desirable(合乎需要的)、insistent(坚持的)、ordered(命令的)、preferable(更可取的)、proposed(建议的)、required(要求的)、urgent(紧迫的)等。例句:HisproposalisthatweturnoffTVforhalfanhoureveryday.(表语从句)他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresidentbeappointedforthiscollege.(主语从句)急需为这所大学任命一位新校长。
本文标题:虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论
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