1998考研英语真题阅读详解

1998年阅读真题精解Text1Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.51.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat________.[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight52.Inparagraph5,thepowerlessprobablyrefersto________.[A]areasshortofelectricity[B]damswithoutpowerstations[C]poorcountriesaroundIndia[D]commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea53.Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?[A]Theybringinmorefertilesoil.[B]Theyhelpdefendthecountry.[C]Theystrengtheninternationalties.[D]Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.54.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas________.[A]It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk[B]Morehaste,lessspeed[C]Lookbeforeyouleap[D]Hewholaughslastlaughsbest核心词汇1.few没有几个，含否定意思，little没有一点儿，含否定意思；2.capture抓住，捕获，吸引住3.like比如，像，喜欢4.giant巨人，巨型物；gigantic巨大的5.atthemercyof任…摆布或控制；6.floodanddrought洪涝和旱灾；earthquake地震；tsunami海啸；7.ideal理想，理想的8.doourbidding按我们的要求办事9.fascinate对…着迷；fascinating着迷的10.threaten威胁11.domoreharmthangood弊大于利12.lesson教训；teachmealesson给我一个教训；lessen减轻13.symbol象征14.achieve达到；获得成就；achiever获得成就的人；achievement成就15.striveto努力做16.assert说明，宣称，认为17.cement水泥引申为：巩固，加强18.bid投标；申请19.tendto易于，倾向于20.work起作用；21.as正如，复习as的六大考点22.intended所料想的；相当于expected=desired=anticipated=designated23.deprive…of剥夺…；相当于rob…of=denysth24.fertile肥沃的；多产的25.inreturn作为回报26.reserve保留，预定；reservation;reservoir水库27.so…that如此…以致28.barely=hardly=scarcely几乎不29.generate产生；regenerate再生；regenerable可再生的30.myth神话，不现实的东西；相当于illusion幻觉；31.civilized文明的；civilization文明32.stopjustshortof差一点儿就;beshortof缺少；缺乏33.contention争吵；争论34.complex综合工程；综合物；联合体；复杂的；35.bidfor=applyfor申请36.go-ahead=permission容许，许可37.cause造成，引起；原因；事业38.hardship困境；苦难39.powerless无权利的；powerful当权的；强大的40.farfrom远非；绝不41.guarantee保证；确保；担保42.proper恰当的，合理的43.study研究44.impact影响，相当于influence=effect45.resolve解决，相当于solve=settle；决心，决议46.power电；电源；power-off断电；47.irrigation灌溉48.monster怪物，在此引申为巨大的49.dealwith解决；对付，与…交往50.hard艰难的，困难的；强硬的；51.wrong-headed执迷不悟的52.hydro-electric水电的难句精解①Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.▲这个句子中包含了一个强调句型，基本结构是itis...that...，强调部分的关键词是suffering，这个词就是后面that引导的从句的主语，因而这个句子的核心句其实就是Sufferingmakestheidealsofascinating。名词suffering加上前后的修饰限定成分是humankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddrought（人类受水旱灾害控制的长期的苦难）；ideal后面跟了一个of引导的分词短语：forcingthewaterstodoourbidding（让河水听我们吩咐［的这个理想］）；后面的sofascinating做宾补。②Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhadbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.▲这个句子中第一个单词it指代的是文章中上面的一句话，即“从大型水坝中得到的教训是：大的不一定就是好的”。help后面是一个从句，在这个从句中，主语是一个现在分词短语，核心句是Buildingadamhadbecomeasymbolofachievement。分词短语strivingtoassertthemselves是修饰nationsandpeople的限定成分。③TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.▲这个句子首先要注意的是有两个谓语：stopped和deprived；然后可以找出这个句子的核心句：TheAswanDamstoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthesilt。第一个silt后面有一个that引导的从句thatfloodsleft修饰silt；破折号后面的all代替的是破折号前面所说的thefertilesilt，介词短语inreturnfor后面的宾语带了一个which引导的从句，修饰的是这个宾语：agiantreservoirofdisease，同时这个从句中还有一个so...that的结构。如果把这个which引导的从句分解开来就是Thereservoirisnowfullofsilt,soitbarelygenerateselectricity。△此句理解的关键有三个：一是找到两个谓语：stopped和deprived；二是要明白all指的是前面所说的