2017-2018学年高中英语必修一高考分类题库： 2016年高考分类题库考点1 阅读理解

1温馨提示：此题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，关闭Word文档返回原板块。一、科普知识类............................................................................................................................................-1-二、广告宣传类............................................................................................................................................-9-三、政治经济类..........................................................................................................................................-20-四、人物传记类..........................................................................................................................................-21-五、文化教育类..........................................................................................................................................-37-六、社会生活类..........................................................................................................................................-60-七、环境保护类..........................................................................................................................................-86-八、文学艺术类..........................................................................................................................................-93-考点1阅读理解一、科普知识类(2016·江苏卷·B)话题:黑猩猩与人类　　词数:387　　难度:★★★　　Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhis2neighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobe3partofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.【文章大意】通过实验,对比黑猩猩与人类的主观能动性。58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第二段...hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.可知黑猩猩很少去关心其他猩猩的利益。59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey　　　.A.havetheinstincttohelpothersB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC.knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.可知小孩有帮助别人的本能。60.Thepassageismainlyabout　　　.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren4B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章通过人类与猩猩的比较得知,合作、相互帮助是人类的本性。(2016·浙江卷·C)话题:儿童玩耍与科学家的研究　　词数:444　　难度:★★★Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtools5differ,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesa