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英语集合名词用法说明一、family类family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:Thisclassconsistsof45pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。ThisclassarereadingEnglishnow.这个班的学生在读英语。二、police类cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指):Peoplewilllaughatyou.人们会笑你的。Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察在找他。Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。【注】表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head(单复数同形):threeheadofcattle(3头牛),twenty(headof)cattle(20头牛)。三、goods类goods(货物),clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用:Suchclothesareveryexpensive.那样的衣服很贵。Towhomdothesegoodsbelong?这些货是谁的?四、baggage类baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式:Ourclothingprotectsusfrom[against]thecold.我们的衣服可以御寒。Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等。如:apoem/apieceofpoetry(一首诗),manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery(许多机器)。五、hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数):Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的头发已长得很长了。Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那儿找到了两根头发。六、mankind的用法mankind(人类)是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词:Thisisaninventionthatbenefitsmankind.这是一项造福人类的发明。Mankindhasitsownproblems.人类有自己的问题。【注】mankind表示“人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时:Mankindareintelligentanimals.人是理智的动物。七、fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的:Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果。Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在乡下种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果。比较:Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚。Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。英语集合名词用法说明,嘉兴英语网收集整理集合名词的主谓一致详解集合名词,也叫集体名词,是英语中表示某一群人或某一类物的集合体。集合名词的难点,主要在于其作主语时的主谓一致问题。汉语谓语动词因为没有单复数之分,所以我国学生在学习英语的集合名词时,常常为谓语动词的单复数问题大伤脑筋。笔者结合自己的教学经验,查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民),union,university等。1.Thestaffis/arehardworking.2.Theaudienceweremovedtotears.3.Thelecturerdrawslargeaudiences.4.Thewholeschoolwaspunished.5.Theclassconsistsof40students.6.Thisclassarediligent.7.Thewholeprofessionfighttoothandnailagainstit.8.OnetenthofthepopulationofEgyptis/areChristian.二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工),herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵),people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。9.Therearethreepeoplewavingatus.10.Thepolicehaven'tarrivedyet.11.Thereareverminhere.12.Somepeopleareneversatisfied.13.Thepolice/militaryhavesurroundedthebuilding.【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如:Thereare56peoplesinChina.三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。14.Theyouthtodayis/arebetteroffthanweusedtobe.15.Heroffspringis/arelikeherineveryrespect.16.TheintelligentsiaarehailingRansonastheirspokesman.【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:Youthisthetimeforaction;ageisthetimeforrepose.Someyouthsdon'tlikejazz.四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Kremlin,Liverpool,Macmillan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),WhiteHouse等。17.Arsenalis/areplayingwellinthisseason.18.Macmillanhave/hasmadeagoodprofitthisyear.19.TheSeventy-FirstCongresswaspredominantlyRepublican.20.TheNetherlandshas/haveamonarchy.21.TheBBCisshowingtheprogramonSaturday.22.Liverpoolisleading1—0.23.Liverpoolareattackingagain.五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage,clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。24.Allthefurnitureinmyroomisnew.25.Themerchandizehasarrivedundamaged.26.Thereisnotmuchvegetationindeserts.27.Theequipmentforthefactoryhasbeenshipped.28.Warmclothingisnecessaryincoldclimates.29.Themachineryisdrivenbyelectrici-ty.【过关演练】用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Thestaff__________(have)gonefortheirlunch.2.Thecrewsofseveralships__________(be)inport.3.Thepresentgovernment,whichhasn'tbeeninpowerlong,__________(be)tryingtocontrolinflation.Itisn'thavingmuchsuccess.4.Thegovernment,who__________(be)lookingforaquickvictory,arecallingforageneralelectionsoon.5.Thejury__________(be)dividedinopinion.6.Thecommittee__________(have)helditsfirstmeeting.7.Almosteveryfamilyinthisvillage__________(have)amaninthearmy.8.Thewholefamily__________(be)intears.9.Thepoultry__________(be)beingfed.10.TheKremlin__________(have)refusedtoaccepttheplanproposedbyAmer
本文标题:英语集合名词用法说明
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